Assignment scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Assignment scenario - Essay ExampleWhile the nurse has factual justification for the enforcement of her recommendation, is it attainable that her app arnt commitment to the health and welf atomic number 18 of the patient poopnot be achieved by the disregard of her wishes? DEONTOLOGY One efficiency argue that to c are for the body in a way that yields emotional distress is self-defeating What then, are the rules by which we can standardize the goodness of an action or philosophy? Deontological ethics (deontology) is an obligation-centric ethical theory. Duty and rule- bond certificate are essential in that ethics, when anchored by rules and obligation connect the person with his or her duties. Deontologists may also pass a belief of moral absolutism, outcomes themselves become irrelevant only duty, rule-adherence that can give us a basis for final moral arbitration. Combining these views, actions yielding positive outcomes but not resulting from strict adherence to a pre-existing code of conduct cannot be morally justifiable - regardless of how good it seems in retrospect. Ergo, if compelling the compression bandages is following a pre-ordained obligatory behavioral code, then the outcome of preventing swelling and sores is irrelevant, as is the outcome of the widows displeasure. So long as the Nurse acts according to a protocol. The case of Ruth Symonds as pertaining to the implementation of Modern Medical Ethics. TELEOLOGY By contrast, Teleological beliefs and philosophies are outcome-based, or outcome justified. This principle can extend not only to philosophies as they inform decision making, but the natural sciences as well. Hanke, (2004) A tiger has stripes because stripes are needed for a tiger to live and hunt in the way that tigers live and hunt therefore striped tigers are inevitable. But this does not inform the tec as to the ultimate origins of behaviors or adaptations, and thus would not permit future investigators to extrapolate that observati on into merely predictions. It would then become necessary to devise an explanation whereby the root causes of the tigers need for stripes and the consequences thereof are elucidated in terms of differential survival outcomes before said stripes ever appeared. In the literary productions of Aristotle, the premise of teleology is expounded upon as a unifying meta-principle that he uses to apply holistic meaning to the forms seen within nature. only that exists must be whole and functional within the purvey of ultimate habit a purpose which he held to be military man benefit. Schindler, (1986) But subsequent generations of scientific thinkers would be able to demonstrate the rawness of that presumption. While it is true that wheat may be very beneficial for human consumption, and that oxen may be advantageous as a source of cheap, brute force for human-guided industry, what of disease? The Smallpox computer virus is perfectly adapted to infect and proliferate amongst humans, and can only survive inside of a human being does humankind exist solely for the benefit of the Smallpox virus? Broader considerations like this must be kept in mind for anyone that adopts a presumptuous, just-so opportunistic teleology. It is difficult to entirely purge this kind of circularity from the field of biology, but attempts are being made by some biologists to remove assumptive references to a blind watchmaker, that presupposes final

Contract Law Problem Question - Breach of Contract Essay

Contract Law Problem Question - Breach of Contract - Essay ExampleA breach of contract occurs when a party to it acts inconsistently with his obligations either by implications or express actors line without lawful excuse. The onus is on Peter to prove that there was, in fact, a breach commit by David. Generally, the act that is allegedly in breach must have such an effect, that the party in question has put it out of his power to perform his obligations (Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH vs Itex Hagrani Export SA (1993) 1 Lloyds Rep 360, 362). Moreover, Peter is not required to wait for David to perform, and the effect of the breach is warm (Hochester v. De La ecstasy (1853). In order for the breach to be classified as a repudiatory breach, that is one allowing Peter to pose aside the performance of the contract, the breach must be one of condition or a austere innominate term and not warranty. The current scenario entails a breach of time, which is generally of the essence. It is arguable that this breach is one of condition, and the immediate consequence of that for Peter is his right to elect one of two alternatives terminate the performance of or actualise the contract, communication either of them in a reasonable amount of time (Stocznia Gdanska SA v. Latvian Shipping follow (2002)). Since Peter has opted to stay at the house and continue running it as a guest house, he has decided to opt for the assertation of the contract, which will be affected just by merely proceed with his obligations of running the business while maintaining a healthy profit (Davenport v. R (1877)). Thus, Peter is advised to affirm the contract and apply for an order of specific performance by exercising his right of election and wages a claim in damages.

Music Mid-Term Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Music Mid-Term - Essay ExampleThe concert lasted from 730 pm to 930 pm. The break performance include 14 overlord medical specialtyians of the Denver Brass. The performances include Salsa, Day of the at rest(predicate) Suite, Tango, and Sense Maya (Valencia, 2012). The performers played different classical melodic lines that included Day of the Dead. Denver Brass constitutes of 14 professional musicians (The Denver brass, 2014). Denver Brasss universal appeal defines its success and prominence. I enjoyed the magnificent repress sound and the socialise and relaxing fresh musical styles that added vigor to the classical music live concert. I also enjoyed the fact that a diverse audience attended the concert thus denouncing the misconception that classic music is for elite, racist, and educated audience. Indeed, the live concert made me love attending another classical music live concert in the near future.Notably, the performance of the Drever Bass corresponds to the classical s tylistic period learnt in class. The carbon monoxide gas Fiesta Dances with Brass depicted a classical musical genre as the band vocal various classical songs. The programming of the music sought to share the cobalt history in an entertaining manner. The performance sought to bring a musical excursion from Spain to America. The live concert evoked emotions, images, and ideas. Indeed, the impetuous dance, cool music, and sensual Flamenco guitar evoked happy and entertaining feelings. The live concert also evoked passionate and romantic feelings courtesy of the romantic song Day of the Dead. The Colorado Fiesta Dances with Brass was every bit colorful thus evoking a beautiful feeling. Some of the most Memorable features of the live concert included the fiery dance, sensual Flamenco guitar that evoked instrumental effects, and the entertaining dancing styles by Fiesta Colorado and Steve Mullins (Valencia, 2012).Additionally, I cannot forget the harmonious melodies and rhythms of the Drever Bass that motivated the audience to sing along to each song

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration - Essay poserPhylogenetic analysis of Mg-tetrapyrrole biosynthesis genes reveals that anoxygenic photosynthetic processes became evident in primitive organisms like certain bacteria before the oxygenic variety in other organisms like cyanobacteria (Xiong and Bauer, 2002). Joint analyses of the pigment genes and reaction centers open yielded stronger evidence to this effect (Xiong and Bauer, 2002). At the time when photosynthesis became a rudimentary process for goose egg storage in arcane organisms cellular internal ventilation system was still to evolve and the dexterity release mechanism for utilizing the photosynthetic stored energy used processes that sourced their electrons from suppliers other water (Todar, Undated). Later, genetic guide mechanisms between endosymbiotic bacteria, their closest living relatives being the proteobacteria, and their pre-eukaryotic cellular hosts inducted cell cell organelles like mitochondria and chlor oplasts (Simpson et al, 2002) into the pre-eukaryotic system and cellular respiration became possible. Some time during the endosymbiotic processes there was gene transfer from the bacteria to the pre-eukarytic cells whereby the bacterial genome was reduced and much of the remaining genetic materials got encoded in the cellular nucleus while, locally, nearly of the bacterial genetic materials were encoded within the organelle, mitochondrion or otherwise, to form localized DNA entirely associated with organelle function (Chihade et al, 2000). While the induction of the mitochondria into the pre-eukaryotic cells to produce the eukaryotic system shall be dealt with later in the study a short comparison by organisms will now be made of photosynthesis and cellular respiration processes. ComparisonThe following table will be used to compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the species of euglenoids that have primitive plastids (Borza et al, 2005). Euglenoids are e ither autotrophs, photosynthetic with chlorophyll a and b chloroplasts, or heterotrophs with parasitic or absorptive nutrition. Some of them also have motile mechanisms like flagella or cilia. It is luminary that euglenoids with plastids acquired them through secondary endosymbiosis and, thus, the plastids are not as developed as those of more evolutionary right species (Borza et al, 2005). It is also notable that euglenoids with plastids also use absorptive nutrition, absorbing organic matter from their environs, as appurtenant dietary processes. Though they may be photosynthetic they can respire both aerobically and anaerobically (Hoffmeister et al, 2004). Anaerobically, these organisms store energy in the form of fatty acids (waxes) that are broken down when oxygen becomes available more plenteously (Hoffmeister et al, 2004). This makes these organisms so interesting. It is notable that both photosynthesis and cellular respiration in euglenoids with chloroplasts are still not to the full understood (Hoffmeister et al, 2004 Lonergan and Sargent, 1979). Nevertheless, these processes have been simplistically compared and contrasted in the following table.PhotosynthesisCellular RespirationOrganismEuglena gracilisEuglena gracilisEnergy Source sunninessChemical energy in sugars (anaerobic) and sugars/fatty acids

Project Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project Resources - Essay Exampledelegation of tasks, and their scheduling to facilitate sequential and feasible deli actually. present the term, Work Breakdown Structure (Gerard) becomes applicable, which refers to the approach of setting tasks up in order of precedence and including every(prenominal) detail of the tasks in its realizability. For this purpose, a sequence diagram or a pert chart result come in handy. Consequently, it is paramount to make consultations with the actual job doers and the marketers in order to ascertain the practicableness of the structure, its time-table and its possibly guesstimated cost- implications, and to modify the draft-structure, if necessary, according to their recommendations subjected to the managers critical consideration. The next phase, implementation phase, involves executing the developed concept. Here milestones argon set and important stages of accomplishments defined, which become sub-goals. ( James, 1975) . At this stage, the ta sk of the manager ends at the point of sensible and proactive allocation of tasks to the squad members. The remaining work involves the actual job-doers. At this stage, though the manager is not entirely out of communication, inter-team communication is the main sort of communication. However, since the fulfillment of the project rests entirely on the success of this very essential phase, constant and multiplex must be the communication among the project team towards1. A uphold focus - so that every team member keeps to the goal and does not divert2. Topicality of suggestion - so that unenvisaged circumstances and conditions are answered, every member necessarily liaising with others and with the project manager to keep the project team posted.... Always keeping eyes on completion according schedule, the manager is concerned that the work should be closed out as planed when he sees a possibility of failure, he constantly urges, presses, admonishes the workers to greater effort, a nd whole works to answer emergencies by making urgent telephone wauls, writing letters, making personal visits and errands, etc. The workers, in turn, if cooperative, not only diligently mind their own businesses, but alert their managers on any emerge material or personal emergencies. Customers feel let down by tardy delivery, staff are demotivated by constant pressure for impossible goals, corners get cut which harm your reputation, and each project has to curb the same problems as the last ( Ibid) All these vagaries call for daily communication among the project team- from and to the manager and the workers- call for moral encouragement, recommendations and suggestions.

An Ancient Tragedy Oedipus King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

An Ancient Tragedy Oedipus King - examine ExampleThis is because it utilizes the universal literary devices in a very effective manner. As will discuss, in this paper. The prank is about a young boy, and his parents. The boys name is Oedipus. He was the son of a king (Laius). The king finds an oracle, which was predicting the fate of his son. The oracle was foretelling that the kings life would be interpreted away by his own son, who would then take over his wife. The sons sole conception of killing his father was to marry his own mother due to this, when Oedipus was born, the king tied his legs and discarded him on a mountain, with a hope that nature would take over the role of eliminating him from the world. This was a strategic manner, of preventing the oracles prophecy from taking place. Unfortunately, the young boy did not die. He was saved by a shepherd and landed on another kings palace (King Polybus). Polybus was the king of Corinth. When the shepherd hand him Oedipus, t he king took him in whole heartedly, as he did not run through a son of his own. Oedipus grew up believing that Polybus was his real father. However, as time passed, Oedipus began questioning his parentage. He decided to consult with Delphic matinee idol and heard some word leading him to Laius. He f take from his foster fathers house. During his take flight he unwillingly murdered his real father. Coincidentally, when he went to Thebes, he answered a riddle correctly. This earned him a rag to the bereaved kings house. He took over the kingship and married the kings wife. They were very winning in life and bore children. However, there came a great calamity in the town. On consulting the oracle, it was realize that he there was blood guiltiness. Oedipus denounced the crime, as he was not aware of it. He puts his foot in the lead to track the person responsible for the crime. Gradually, the play reveals that Oedipus is the man responsible for his own fathers death. whiz of the major themes of this play is the theme of fate. To begin with, the oracle to Laius states clearly Laius fate he would demise a victim, at his sons hands. (711-714). In addition, Oedipus says I was destined to sleep with my motherI was doomed to take the life of my father (791-793). Both oracles show that fate was the determinants of the main characters life, and so they could do vigour about it. The theme of fate and fortune recurs in many parts of the play. For instance, fortune made it assertable for Oedipus life to be saved from the mountains. Fate made Oedipus start questioning his parentage and made him flee away from his foster fathers house. The killing of his real father was an act of fate. The manner in which Oedipus came to sleep with his own mother can only be explained by fate. It is also fate that led Oedipus, to his real fathers kingdom. Most incidences in the play are beyond human collar and can only be explained as destiny. Fate is a common theme amongst many H ellenic writings. The writer of this play was not an exception and utilized this theme perfectly. This theme helps explain things that are beyond human understanding, and hence is considered as a very strong literature device. Another theme of the play is that of freewill. The play reflects that humans freewill has its own limit. As much as human beings have a desire for things to go according to their own wish, it is not always possible to accomplish this. For

Human Resources Management slp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Resources Management slp - Essay ExampleHuman option management aims to set meaningful goals and ensures that these goals are met for the future growth and success of an organization (Kaushik, 2009).Before hiring an employee, it is cardinal for the human resource person to have a written billet description on hand. A good job description includes the detailed information about the job such as the duties and responsibilities of the employee, the qualifications compulsory to fit in the job, and the experiences and general skills needed to be carried out by the chosen candidate. A job description is an important aspect in hiring employees since it serves as a guide for determining if an employee is well suited for the job, it ensures that the qualifications needed are matched with the potential candidate, and it serves as the foundation in constructing possible interview questions (Wolf, n.d.).Developing a good job description is a significant task for the human resource peop le. It serves as confabulation tools for the success of the organization since employees get to learn and be aware of their duties and functions. Without it, employees will tend to be disoriented of the workplace they are in because they do not know what is expected from them. With job descriptions, employees are provided with a clearer view of the picture about the company thus paving the way for a better chat between them and the organization. Aside from that, it also tells employees where they fit in the picture so they could perform their duties effectively (Heathfield,

Article reviews Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Article reviews - designation ExampleThe author admits that technology has managed to generate a long chain of social networks but dec that the manner of communion in those links has not been as effective as in the past.Lately, hatful communicate via email and phones even to the endingst ones who they should interact with face to face such as family and close friends. An instance is a case where a child writes a requisition note and sends it to the parents email. It indicates the detachment that has evidently been brought by new communication mediums. Families have broken away from the traditional systems and cultures where they could accumulate around a table for dinner as they discussed issues affecting them. Nowadays, an individual just needs to go behind a computer and share their problems online. The author is, therefore, appealing to the community to abandon the ineffective technology-aided communication and reincorporate the traditional methods that enhanced attachment. T o solve this, it is in order for some(a) of the traditional cultural ways of interaction to be revisited and reintegrated back into the modern life. The community should move from digital interactions to real face-to-face communications.The author, in this article, explores some of the negative effects information communication technology (ICT) has brought to learning. This article addresses this issue by giving a practical instance in which classroom sessions have been interrupted profoundly by the many electronic gadgets that students use to surf the internet with. Freedman, appreciates the fact that technology is a real advancement that has improved lives. However, the course of instruction of excessive internet obsession has brought more harm than benefits in classroom learning. A case is highlighted of a war that raged on between the teacher and a student in which the lecturer had to smash the wizeneds phone to show how much serious he intolerant he was with the issue. The a uthor

Institutional Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

institutional Racism - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates that in 2004, statistics indicated that per capita income for Whites, African the Statesns, and Hispanics in the the States be $25,203, $16035, and $14,106 respectively. Similarly, the 2005 unemployment rate for Whites, African Americans and Hispanics was 4%, 8.5%, and 4.5% respectively. Those covered by private health insurance for Whites, African Americans and Hispanics for the same period were 71.4%, 53.9%, and 41.7% respectively. The education sector also suffers from institutional racial discrimination. Education continues to gain value in modern society and parents would like their children to get the best possible quality of education. Consequently, there has been an increase in the number of international students seeking further education in foreign continents such as America and Europe. Education in these continents is perceived to be of higher quality. These students are presented with unique opportunities for in ternational exposure plane as they greatly contribute to the economic growth of the host countries. At the same time, international students are faced with a myriad of challenges beyond their control and sometimes they have to endure until the end of their studies. Institutional racism refers to patterns in the society whereby adverse, unfavorable or oppressive conditions are applied towards certain acknowledgeable groups based on their race, ethnicity and skin color. As an international student from the United Arab Emirates and studying at the University of momma Lowell, the author encountered institutionalized racism in various forms, to the detriment of international students. They have incidences for instance where raw and other colored students are physically abused by their white counterparts on campus. A juvenile episode of open campus racism occurred when some students believed to belong to a fraternity threw a party in commemoration of Martin Luther Kings birth and bla ck students were mocked. Nonblack students donned loose-fitting basketball shirts, flashed signs of gangs and drunk from hollowed-out watermelons to send a message of mockery to their black counterparts. Although the entire student fraternity received the incident with disbelief, outrage, and contempt, it showed how deep racism is institutionalized in the education system.

Internal Revenue Codes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internal Revenue Codes - probe Example.Internal Revenue Bulletin (2004) stipulates guidance for capitalization of expenditures. There are a pattern of intangibles listed therein expenditures incurred for acquisition of which are required to be take advantaged if they are held to be for more than 12 months period. paratrooper 4 of scratch1.263 (a)-4 and 1.263(a)-5 are added in the bare to read as follows.(a) Overview. This section provides rules for applying section 263(a) to amounts paid to get under ones skin or create intangibles. Except to the extent provided in paragraph (d)(8) of this section, the rules provided by this section do non apply to amounts paid to acquire or create tangible assets. paragraph (b) of this section provides a popular principle of capitalization. Paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section identify intangibles for which capitalization is specifically required under the general principle. Paragraph (e) of this section provides rules for determining the extent to which taxpayers must capitalize transaction costs. Paragraph (f) of this section provides a 12-month rule think to simplify the application of the general principle to certain payments that create benefits of a brief duration. Additional rules and examples relating to these nutriment are provided in paragraphs (g) through (n) of this section. The applicability date of the rules in this section is prov ided in paragraph (o) of this section. Paragraph (p) of this section provides rules applicable to changes in methods of accounting made to comply with this section. Terming a credit card promise as a finacial interest as iten no 2 (i) ( c ) (2) at page 26, the bulletin states that aqusition expendtures for credit card should be capitalised. Analyzing the code 195, it has been found that it applies to capitalization of business start-up expeditures which can be deducted from the in devolve oer a certain period depending upon the election of the tax payer. Credit card acqui sitions expenses do not come under the defintion of start-up expenditures as per section 195.( IRC ) Please refer to the Appendix A for defiintions.In addition to the in a higher place clearly defined calrifications, in FSA 200136010, the conlusion arrived at by the Service was that a bank must capitalize the expenditure involved in acquisition of credit card receivables. It includes also credit card accounts from new(prenominal) institutions. In this connection the bank had in its return deducted the cost of acquiring and securitizing the credit card receivables ( David J 2002), which the tax officer disallowed. On appeal by the bank against the deductions, it was pointed out that in the case of INDOCO Inc, 503 US 79 (1992), the IRS had already decided that credit card receivables were assets capable of giving future benefits along with interst.and that IRS hike decided that it could not be amortized also under sec 195 which only provided for investigative expenses for starting a buisness and not for purchasing a partcular capital asset in reply to the contention of the bank that the expnses were of investigatory in nature and could therfore be deducted. Under the circumstances, it is

Editorial Essay on Rafael Correa (President of Ecuador) - 1

Editorial on Rafael Correa (President of Ecuador) - Essay ExampleOf course, this is not a view that is held by all and a number of organizations and population inside and outside the republic have referred to him as an autocrat and a guile politician. However, the evidence speaks for itself, and it cannot be denied that the nation is doing better place than it was before the Rafael Correa came into power. His achievements cannot be downplayed, and it is doubtful that his rivals would have been able to do the analogous had they been given the chance to take his position.Rafael Correa is an economist that was educated in three different countries namely his native land Ecuador, the United States and Belgium (Ghosh, 2012). He has used this education to improve the financial status of his country through a number of economic policies that he has implemented over the years. One of the most controversial moves with regard to these policies has been his solvent of Ecuadors national debt as illegitimate on the basis that it was contracted by previous regimes that were tyrannous and corrupt with no regard for the country thus making the debts odious in nature. This move caused waves in the international community as it meant that the country planned to default on over 3 jillion dollars worth of debt (Enrico, 2009). The president fought his opposition on this subject in the international courts and eventually managed to reduce the value of the outstanding bonds by over 60%, which was an amazing result (Enrico, 2009).Correa has also managed to win over the police van of his people through his achievements, and concern for Ecuadors welfare and as a result has been elected in two ways into office. One of his main non-political controversies includes his relationship with the media which can be said to be strained at high hat as a number of critics have accused him of interfering with their independence. Over the past years, he has taken a number of journalists an d media

CRJ 422 Week 5 discussions 1 and 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CRJ 422 Week 5 discussions 1 and 2 - Essay ExampleA society that is socially just is anchored on the principles of equality and solidarity, as comfortably as understanding of human values and recognising the aspect of human dignity (Blasi & Jost, 2006). In essence, social justice enhances degree of economic egalitarianism through income redistribution, continuous taxation as well as home redistribution. Social justice musical arrangement thus enhances incorporation of all members of the society to enjoy the resources in the companionship as well as encouraging all community members to participate in society matters (Ahrens, 2006) fair play enforcement involves the aspect of making the community members follow the laid down rule the police officers do this. The judiciary plays a role in executing and interpreting rightfulnesss it prosecutes those individuals who have broken the law. Criminology, which is the scientific reckon of causes, consequences and focusing of criminal b ehaviours in individuals, has a big impact on social and criminal justice. Incorporating other field like psychology, philosophy and law provides a broader understanding of criminal and social justice. The fields make it easier for scholars in law to understand the community members behaviours in relation to criminal conduct.The overall study I have obtained while at Ashford University has had a significant impact on my knowledge and skills as well as shaping my way of thinking in the career. Personally, I have learnt from my fellow colleagues as well as the lecturers on certain specific skills in handling law issues. Indeed the law is broad and extensive, therefore understanding it has been made easy through the various discussions while learning. I shall reserve the knowledge and skills I have acquired in various law firms or institutions that deal with law enforcements. I shall engage in research to identify new areas in criminal and social justice system that may help the entir e community understand their role in maintaining law. Moreover,

Corporate Income Taxes - Client Letter Research Paper

Corporate Income Taxes - lymph gland Letter - Research Paper ExampleEquity financing on the other is when a federation issues shares of the smart sets stock and receives money in return. Depending on the capital raised through equity, the order may relinquish about 25% to 75% of the business.The advantage of using debt to finance capital disbursement is that you will non give up control of your business. The lender who is usually a bank or lending institutions does not have any right to manage or oversee how things are agitate in the business. By simple means, your only obligation will be to repay the loan in regard to the agreed terms. Additionally, interest nonrecreational on the loan is tax deductible thus it could be savings in term of tax when the business is still small (Hovakimian, Opler, & Titman, 2001). There is some predictability with debt as the corporation knows exactly how much it owes. The disadvantage for this form of capital formation is that the money has t o be paid within a fixed period regardless of the business success. Relying too much on debt may prove to be strenuous if the business cash f upsets do not balance. Potential investors may similarly run away as a huge debt is termed as a high risk. Loans are not just expensive, the lender might likewise ask for collateral which includes the business assets or personal stock-purchase warrant which will put you on the hook in case the payment defaults.Equity financing on the other hand does not have to be repaid. The risks and liabilities of the company are shared between the self-command and the investors that come on board. Since no debt is being repaid, cash flows generated can be used to reinvest back into the company and promote further growth or may be to diversify to other areas of interest. Having a low debt equity ration is advantageous as it puts the company on a better position to maturate loans in future (Klein, OBrien, & Peters, 2002). Equity investment may sound goo d but it also means that the corporation has to give up

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Writers choice - Essay ExampleThe short knock gloves exposed the wrist to potential injury prompting players to start attaching specially molded plastic to the search part of their human elbow pads to protect the lower part of their forearm (National Hockey League 9).Ideally, the evolution depicts the implication of plastic material in making hockey skates where plastic pads and fiberglass replaced leather shoulder and elbow pads to enhance protection. With a specific focus on the impact of plastics material on hockey sticks, pucks, skates, and safety, we open fire derive how plastics revolutionized ice hockey. Indeed, plastic has revolutionized traditional hockey sticks that were initially wooden via nanotechnologies that enhance the durability and revive of handling hockey sticks (Canadian Plastics fabrication Association 1). Moreover, manufacturers use plastic material to make hockey pucks through with(predicate) modern technologies like vulcanization. Most specifically, p lastic materials advanced hockey skates that initially had leather with metal blades (Canadian Plastics Industry Association 1). Unlike old skates, the modern skates have a protective plastic cowling make of a major polymer, high-end polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (Canadian Plastics Industry Association 1). Indeed, the PVC is dominant in covering the lower one-half of the hockey boot (Canadian Plastics Industry Association 1).Modern manufacturers of hockey skates rely on PVC polymer payoff to its good insulation properties. Indeed, PVC can only start decomposing when the temperature exceeds 140 C since it has a run point of about 160 C. Moreover, the polymer has a small linear expansion coefficient and good flame retardancy that enhances the glide action of the skate blade and skating speed. This relates to its high hardness and good mechanical properties. Indeed, with a thermal coefficient of expansion of 80 x 10-6 and density of 1.38 g/cm3, PVC promotes the production of hockey skat es that generate slight

Journal Entry 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journal Entry 3 - Assignment ExampleIn most situations, a charabanc often analyze the task at hand and then determine the skill necessary to per dart on the task.Studies have shown that most individuals have a better gaining or rather quicker understanding of tasks and hence per take then faster than others. It is for this sake that some tasks end up stand because the team to undertake the task was non scrutinized or analyzed properly by the management. Other than sales booth the process, this also slows down many processes and in turn might not only affect that section but the whole organization. When this happens, then the organization is likely to suffer a loss.In reality, a handler is meant to use the available resources for the undertaking of the task assigned. If the manager picks a task and the resources for the task are not available, then the process will be slow. At such instances, the employees under that manager also puff frustrated because of lack of work and re sources. At the analogous time, the employees are supposed to have the ability to understand the task at hand as they are part of the resources of an organization.There are various ways of determining the human behavior role model. One of them is cognition. It is the process in humans which describe how information which is continuously acquired is transformed and stored for later use as knowledge in decision making. It includes a range of mental processes such as visual images, problem solving, languages and decision making. The task an employee is meant to be assigned depends on how this model has been analyzed and how quickly the employee works.The interpersonal process depends on how well the employees in the organization work and reach to each other. The grouping of employees during tasks also depends on their speed of working and the chemistry that exists between them. At the same time, the groups have to be put in manageable ways.One of the issues experienced is the grou ping of

Human Activities Undermine the Environment Research Paper

Hu hu human race beings Activities Undermine the Environment - Research Paper ExampleInterestingly, mans exploitation of the environment can be traced throughout medieval history from the days of the scratch-plow and cross-plowing in the European continent the subsequent invention of a more efficient plow that could cut the contention of the furrow sharply defined man as the master of the environment rather than part of nature. worlds power over nature has been captured vividly in western illustrated calendars before A.D. 830, which depict man as the exploiter of the environment through actions such as plowing, harvesting, chopping trees as well as slaughter pigs (White, 1974). This clearly shows that man and the environment are entirely different things and that man has authority over his surround in that respect, mans consumptive relation with nature is not an entirely new phenomenon, tending(p) its documentation in medieval times. Biblically, man is charged as the custodian o f the environment with all existence meant for mans use this also underscores mans authority over nature that has been the concenter of Christian beliefs. The idea that man is superior to nature has inevitably informed mans exploitative attitudes and tendencies that have in most cases rendered ecologies derelict through human maneuverings that have inevitably instigated numerous prejudicious impacts.There is great need for rethinking of mans relation to nature, particularly given that the conceptualization of this man-nature affinity determines mans impact on the environment.

Strenthening Early Literacy Skills in Studnets Language Essay Example for Free

Strenthening archaean Literacy Skills in Studnets Language EssayWhen discussing primeval literacy, its development begins at birth and continues its development through prohibited yearly childhood years. Literacy is having the skill to read and write. Early stages of literacy begin to develop with the pre-alphabetic skills where they are sufficient to understand the function and its characters and print. An alphabetic period wherein the child becomes conversant with the alphabetic code and acquires increasely function intelligence activity identification and school text processing skills Literacy recital (Early Stages), 2005. Phoneme consciousness is developed during this stage of literacy as well. The third and final stage of literacy is considered to be advanced alphabetic/orthographic stage where children have the competency to combine their knowledge in rewrite and spelling.These beginning years of a young child are the years where teachers and parents have the abi lity to civilise youngsters with concepts and skills in class period and wring. Having this ability will allow students to further a lifelong desire for reading that may military service other(a) areas of development as a growing child. In this paper, practical techniques in increasing early literacy skills among children will be discussed and examined. Strategies in improving development in all areas of literacy including audience skills will also be gathered and discussed.Promoting Development of Phonological AwarenessBeing phonetically aware posts the pedestal in becoming a fluent reader, along with preparing them in skills for subsequently reading skills in phonics, word analysis, and spelling dustup out. Studies have shown that the common thread in early reading skills is the loser to understand or process wrangle phonologically (David J. leaf beet and Shirley V. Dickson, 1999). This problem has been considered to be effecting for two students with and without lear ning disabilities. The hind end of phonological awareness comprehends how oral delivery can be divided into smaller components and manipulated. Spoken language can be broken down in many different ways, including sentences into haggling and talking to into syllables (David J. Chard and Shirley V. Dickson, 1999). One other component that is associated with these skills is obtaining phonemic awareness.This is having the understanding how words individually sound, while being able to influence or change these words into blends or segmenting them into new words. Promoting phonological skills and awareness begins as early as four years old. Including a variety of activities that will help train these youngsters in developing strong reading skills is highly important and much needed to see successful progression. Reasonable instructional actives for young children should overwhelm rhyming activities, nursery rhymes, and other activities the sensitize children with in comparison and differences in sounds of words.Segmentations words games such as I scream you scream while clapping each word out and change the look up games by removing first letters of words to make new words. Vocabulary found learning can positively help develop literacy development. Children are able to make further colligateions when words that are already spoken are implemented into new parts of instruction. Implementing sight words, letter patterns, and range of a functions words are also highly recommended when trying to infuse old and new skills.Enhancing Listening SkillsSuccessful learning is needed in many areas that teachers need to consistently meet and introduce. Students need direct instruction, structure, practice, and time on task routines where they are able to explore and engage in active learning. Skills associated with reading readiness include (a) auditory discrimination the ability to identify and differentiate familiar sounds, similar sounds, rhyming words, and the soun ds of letters (b) visual discrimination including color recognition, shape, and letter identification (c) visual motor skills such as left to duty eye progression, cutting on a line with scissors and coloring within the lines of a picture and (d) large motor skills such as skipping, hopping, and walking on a line (Early literacy development, 2011).Oral language can also be included when considering successful literacy development. Storytelling and talk and literacy can be both considered to be two great activities that teachers and parents can include in everyday experiences. Sharing picture books, listening to a story aloud, drawing, coloring and early writing are all samples of literacy however, reading aloud helps students gain experiences for later samples where students may transfer inclusion to writing. Listening also increases engaged conversation, while offering insight of comprehension of text (Early literacy development, 2006). When introduced properly oral language deve lopment should increase in areas such as uncommunicative skills, receptive, and vocabulary usage.Techniques on Promoting Literacy ComponentsComprehension strategies help children understand, remember and communicate what they read. Comprehension helps children have the ability to connect what they are reading to what they already know. With practice, students are able to make predictions, create ideas, raise questions, and problem solve. both teachers and parents will be able to build vocabulary, suaveness, comprehension, and motivation while making assessments, reflections, planning, and teaching/re-teaching any skills that were introduced. Reading fluency allows students read text accurately and quickly. Teaching skills that can help promote reading fluency is identifying punctuation, grouping words, and victimisation expressive language to make further outcomes. When a student demonstrates weakness in fluency they read slowly, word to word, focusing on decoding rather than com prehending the context of what they are reading. whirl age appropriate instruction and materials when implementing particular skills or curriculum is highly recommended. Playing games or using nursery rhymes using words in one way to informally implement or reenforce these particular skills. Using sentence strips promotes sight word identification, building simple or complex sentences, or grouping words together. Having weekly spelling bees using pictures prompts will help promote connections to words as well. Breaking units into smaller units and modeling activities as it is first introduced help increase success with literacy. (Chard, David J., Dickenson, Shirley V., 1999)Incorporating Writing initiation stages of writing is when young a young childs draws and scribbles. Pretend writing, making list, writing or drawing messages or stories are also samples of writing. Letters or clusters of letters are followed. Children move into the letter- name stage in which vowels beings to a ppear along with prominent constants (The Development of Literacy in the uncomplicated Schools, 2011). Students also chat up with letters and pictures when they begin to invent words calling it invent spelling. Keeping track of ideas and assessments with diary entries help teacher assess students progression.Activities and Techniques in Oral and Written LanguageBy the age of 10, children can view their writing through the eyes of a reader. Their writings become much multidimensional, and they can shift between narrative and description and narrative and dialogue in one bandage (The Development of Literacy in the Elementary School, 2011). Writing becomes meaningful when students are able to think and rethink ideas. Students should be able to make mix print, spoken words, visual, and digital components into completing writing abilities.Reading and writing go hand in hand. The best ways to help implement these skills is by having students involved in what they are currently reading . Providing samples of illustrations while offering different styles or types of writing are essentially needed. Graphic organizes help keep students ideas well organized. Writing letters, teaching students how to navigate through email, using cross word puzzles, word walls, creating stories, creating recipes or directions on how to build something are great examples of incorporating both reading and writing skills.Building conceptive Partnership with ParentsParent involvement is very important when trying to implement literacy skills in young students. advance parents by offering enriched reading samples or a book to children is a good step towards increasing literacy awareness. Talking and singing song to children are also great opportunists for children to learn new words or ideas. Preparing students with reading readiness programs are all helpful when trying to instill social, physical and cognitive abilities. At times, teachers will have to teach parents how to become more re sponsive when reading or sharing information.Parents should offer a variety of opportunities in exposing children to words, symbols, and logos where students may be able to increase literacy skills. Keeping both parents and teachers equally informed will help bridge the gaps of between illiteracy and emergent learners. In closing, providing the foundation for building successful literacy skills should be considered while engaging them in meaningful discussions and learning. These beginning years of a young child are the years where teachers and parents have the ability to prepare youngsters with concepts and skills in reading and writing. Having this ability will allow students to further a lifelong desire for reading that may help other areas of development as a growing child.ReferenceEarly literacy development. (2006). In Key Concepts in Early Childhood Education and Care. Retrieved from http//library.gcu.edu2048/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.credoreference.com/entry/sageukecec/earl y_literacy_developmentEarly Literacy Development. (2011). In Handbook of Research on Teaching the face Language Arts. Retrieved from http//library.gcu.edu2048/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.credoreference.com/entry/routengart/early_literacy_development Chard, David J., Dickenson, Shirley V. (1999) Phonological Awareness Instructional and Assessment guidelines. http//www.ldonline.org/article/6254 The Development of Literacy in the Elementary School. (2011). In Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts. Retrieved http//library.gcu.edu2048/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.credoreference.com/entry/routengart/the_development_of_literacy_in Miller, M., Veatch, N. (2010). Teaching literacy in context Choosing and using instructional strategies. The Reading Teacher, 64(3), 154-165. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/791757793?accountid=7374 Gordon, C. (2010). Meeting Readers Where They Are. School Library Journal, 56(11), 32.

Analyse the way Beatrice and Benedick Essay Example for Free

Analyse the way Beatrice and benedict EssayThe characters Beatrice and Benedick in the William Shakespe be play more Ado Ab away Nothing can be observed as sparring lovers. At the arising of the play, it is difficult for them to converse without becoming involved in a merry war or a skirmish of wit. This attitude gradually changes as the play progresses. I shall analyse the way in which this attitude changes as Beatrice and Benedick engage in parlance. From Act One, Scene One, Beatrice demonstrates hypocrisy when to Benedick she says I wonder that you will still be talking, Signor Benedick, nobody marks you. The ironic part of this is that she is truly listening to him. Therefore, as much as she whitethorn like to deny it, she is giving the man she detests her exclusive attention, and is noticing him. Benedick, in a quick flash of wit answers back What, my dear Lady Disdain argon you yet living? As Benedick asks Beatrice if she is living, it presents the witty assumption tha t Benedick has not been aware of Beatrices presence. A very well-put reply to this from Beatrice is that Disdain cant die whilst Benedick is there provide it to carry on.This battle of wit which occurs between the both of them illustrates the deep loathing that they appear to have for oneness another. As we shall discover further on in the play, this seems only to be a guise for the vast passion they have for each other. There is, here, however, a suggestion from Beatrice that both of them have had a race before You always end with a jades trick. I know you of old. The aforesaid(prenominal) evidence of a possible relationship provides a rationalness for the skirmish of wit, and also implies there may still be romantic feelings between the two.In Act Two, Scene One, Beatrice is dancing and having a chat with a masked Benedick. It is not clear, and remains the decision of the reader whether Beatrice truly knows that she is intercommunicate with Benedick. She goes on to describe him as the princes jester, a very dull fool. As there is a smell of possession the princes jester, it creates the impression that Beatrice sees Benedick as zip more than a puppet. When speaking with Claudio, Benedick makes it clear he was shocked by this Lady Beatrice should know me, and not know me the princes fool Hah Every word stabs.Here, Shakespeare has used a dramatic device, ie the masqued ball, and the inherent identity astonishment to make Benedick believe that Beatrice had all a wide intended to speak ill of him. It is for this reason that I believe that Beatrice knew full well that she was indeed speaking to Benedick. In Act Two, Scene Three, Benedick is made tricked into thinking that Beatrice is in love with him. However, this trick has not yet been carried out on Beatrice. In the garden, Beatrice approaches Benedick and announces I do spy some marks of love in her. This is ironic because there are none.The passion she shows is one of hate for what she is about to say Against my will I am sent to forebode you come in to dinner. When asked by Benedick if she takes pleasure in the message, she says Yea, just so much as you may take upon a knifes point (ie not at all). Benedick has got completely the wrong end of the stick in his soliloquy theres a double meaning in that, and thinks that she does not want him to come in, but instead to stay out in the garden with her. Hence, his going inside would not be a pleasurable message for her. However, this is an utilisation of dramatic irony as we know this is not the case at all.Shakespeare points out the truth on a lower floor the characters surface, as well as using language as his tool to juxtapose these feelings, in effect, change by reversal the meaning around so that the connotations are what illuminate the truth. He is also able to use a technique to capture the truth beneath the surface of the characters. Everything that is spoken by the characters seems to have a deeper or double meaning un der the words. In Act Four, Scene One, Benedick declares his love for Beatrice. He does this so she will call upon him to right Hero from the terrible injustice that recently occurred at the wedding scene.He asks her if it seems strange that he loves her. This is again an example of dramatic irony, because the audience knows that its not strange she knows already that he loves her. Beatrice, usually extremely able to utter herself is strangely not able to here. The use of commas and colons evolve up the following speech, as she is overcome by fierce emotions. She is therefore not able to articulate anything but the fact that she feels sorry for her poor cousin who has been wronged. It were as possible for me to say, I loved nothing so well as you, but believe me not, and yet I lie not, I oink nothing, nor I deny nothing. Beatrice, therefore equivocates here being deliberately am better-lookinguous or unclear in order to mislead or withhold information, ie her love for Benedick. This is particularly emphasised by the long sentence length. Benedicks immediate rejection at the idea of killing Claudio Not for the wide existence elicits anger, and impatience in Beatrice who doesnt wish to converse with Benedick any longer. After much deliberation, conditioned it will please Beatrice, Benedick agrees to use his hand in some other way than verbalize by it. In other words, he has agreed to engage Claudio in a duel.Beatrices reason for wanting him killed is that he is now as valiant as Hercules. This allusion to Hercules implies that Claudio has become too boastful, too big for his boots. In conclusion, its clear to see how the attitude between the two changes, and the relationship progresses. Shakespeare employs the use of collocation to mask true feelings. The best illustration of this juxtaposition masking is of the relationship between Beatrice and Benedick. Their incessant ride and wit-battles mask the true feelings each has for the other.

Approaches in Lifelong Learning Essay Example for Free

Approaches in Lifelong Learning EssayThe need of the learners was identified as having to have investigators who could adopt a organized approach, which is essential whilst carrying out equipment failure investigations.This was used as my school term aim This learning session exit teach you a methodical approach of investigating equipment failure. When identifying the need for training I maiden assessed what the learners would have to have learnt by the end of the learning session. This was identified as the need to know what equipment would be used and how to carryout an investigation in easily managed phases. I then used this as my objective By the end of this lesson you will have been introduced to the contents of the investigator pack and be able to identify the 3 phases of an equipment failure investigation. (1. 2) The learners were identified as personnel with some previous learning within the egress matter. The instructional, rather than practical approach to deliver ing the session was selected as the subject matter was mainly theoretical (the session would later be followed by a practical session). The primary method of delivery would be verbal, given over by the teacher.

Ancient India Essay Example for Free

Ancient India EssayThe period that brought India into the map of cultural prominence was during the rule of the Gupta Dynasty. The 4th and 5th century C. E. is considered as the Golden mature of India. The attainment of this Golden Age was made possible by the rule and influence of the Gupta Dynasty, which fostered the development of both(prenominal) the cultural and the political might of India during its prison term. The Gupta Rulers Chandragupta I, son of Ghatotkacha, was the fist imperial ruler of the conglomerate situated in the north of the then India in the Vindhya Range. By marrying the princess of Licchavis, he formed alliance with the clan and begun power expansion. maven of the important administrative systems that he established during his reign was the assembly of councilors that nominated his successor. The largest territorial expansion of the imperium was undertaken during the reign of Samudragupta, son of Chandragupta I. His campaign established the larges t political whole in South Asia at that time (Heitzman, 2007). He is considered as one of the greatest military geniuses in the history of India.One of his notable contributions was the institution of coins made of pure gold. More than an exemplary military leader, he was also a patron of the liberal arts as he was a celebrated poet and musician. He made mintage as the expertise of his time. Chandragupta II further expanded the empire through war conquests. His power was extended from coast-to-coast and his reign became the economical towering point of the empire through the establishment of trading capitals. During the reign of Kumaragupta I, the Pushyamitras tribe became powerful and had post curse to the empire.His successor, Skandagupta, considered the last of the great Gupta rulers, defeated the tribe but the territory was later on invaded by the ashen Huns. This defeat signaled the start of the decline of the empire. The Impact of the Empire The Gupta Dynasty is highly re garded for their contributions to the arts and culture of South Asia. though the rulers cultural role was limited, their coinage expresses their being patrons of the arts (Heitzman, 2007). According to Hooker (1996), the eras cultural creativity is exemplified in magnificent architecture, sculpture and paintings.The paintings found in the Ajanta Cave are considered to be the most powerful works of the Indian art. Literature also flourished during that time of Indian history. The Gupta Empire had produced one of the greatest writers of poetry, Kalidasa. He is cognise for his lyric poetry and dramas, not only in India but also in Asian and fifty-fifty Western circles. It is also observed that the trading ports of the empire made the Indian culture dominant in the region. The period of the Gupta Dynasty was the period of Greater India (Hooker, 1996).Their cultural influences were extended through Burma, Cambodia and Sri Lanka. Another cultural legacy of the dynasty is the coinage sy stem and effective administrative system. Their g everywherenment was governed with only one taxation system centralized to the empire capital in Pataliputra. The kings remained to be the vassal kings where the entire kingdom was consolidated into single administrative unit (Hooker, 1996). The era of the Gupta Dynasty has not only uplifted the country politically but culturally as well.It has spilled over its influence in the South Asian region through wide range of trading products and services. though it was later on buried in the pages of Indian history, its legacy to the Indian nation continue to this age. Its cultural heritage truly makes India one of the richest cultures in the world.ReferencesHooker, Richard (1996). The Age of the Guptas and After. Ancient India. Retrieved family line 17, 2007 from http//www. wsu. edu/dee/ANCINDIA/GUPTA. HTM Heitzman, James (2007). Gupta Dynasty. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007. Retrieved September 17, 2007 from http//encarta. msn . com.

The Reason Why Women Live Longer Than Men Essay Example for Free

The Reason Why Women Live Longer Than Men EssayScientists are at last beginning to understand one of lifes enduring mysteries why women live, on average, longer than men. The hot research describes how mutations to the DNA of the mitochondria can account for differences in the life hope of mannishs and effeminates. Mitochondria, which exist in roughly all animal cells, are vital for life because they convert our food into the energy that powers the body.Dr Damian Dowling and PhD student Florencia Camus, from Monash teach of Biological Sciences in the U. S., worked with Dr David Clancy from Lancaster University to uncover differences in longevity and biological ageing across male and female fruit flies that carried mitochondria of different origins. They found that genetic variation across these mitochondria were reliable predictors of life expectancy in males, but not in females. Dr Dowling said the results point to numerous mutations within mitochondrial DNA that coin h ow long males live, and the speed at which they age. He said Intriguingly, these same mutations have no effects on patterns of ageing in females they hardly affect males. All animals possess mitochondria, and the tendency for females to outlive males is common to legion(predicate) different species.Our results therefore suggest that the mitochondrial mutations we have uncovered will generally cause faster male ageing across the animal kingdom. The researchers said the mutations can be entirely attributed to a quirk in the way that mitochondrial genes are passed down from parents to offspring. Dr Dowling said While children arrive copies of most of their genes from both their mothers and fathers, they only receive mitochondrial genes from their mothers. This means that evolutions bore control process, known as natural selection, only screens the quality of mitochondrial genes in mothers. If a mitochondrial mutation occurs that harms fathers, but has no effect on mothers, this mu tation will miscue through the gaze of natural selection, unnoticed.Over thousands of generations, many such mutations have accumulated that harm only males, while leaving females unscathed. The study builds on previous findings by Dr Dowling and his team who check overd the consequences of maternal inheritance of mitochondria in causing male infertility. Dr Dowling added Together, ourresearch shows that the mitochondria are hotspots for mutations affecting male health. What we seek to do now is investigate the genetic mechanisms that males might arm themselves with to nullify the effects of these harmful mutations and remain healthy.

Future of Nursing Essay Example for Free

Future of Nursing EssayThe tuitioner of treat (Registered Nurse, Licensed Vocational Nurse, and advance(a) practice nurse) has to a greater extent than three million working affiliates. Nurses are the frequent portion of the health divvy up personnel. There are multiple barriers that stand in the way of nurses being fitted to react quickly to the ever-evolving health care field and changing health care organizations. In 2008, The Robert timberland Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and the IOM (Institute of Medicine) started a group process that took two years to look at these enquires, looking to valuate and modify the nursing occupation. The findings show that 1 ) nurses- unavoidableness to perform to the all-inclusive expanse of their schooling and achievements. 2) nurses- pack to commit to reach the most prestigious levels of education and training through a refined educational network that advocates consistent advancement through academia. 3 ) nurses- pick out to endeav or to be fully engaged with physicians and other health care experts, in modernizing/rejuvenating the health care organization in the United States. 4) businesslike labor pool planning and strategy making posits better collection of data and textile of information. Nursing students should have on their school curriculum that teaches them the capabilities that are compulsory for uninterrupted furtherance of the characteristics and natural rubber of the systems that make up a health care organization, longanimous-oriented care, partnership and coordination with other agencies (Berwick, Cronenwett, Tanner 2011).The student nurses shoot expert skill to grasp and knowledge and understanding of human anatomy and physiology, psychology, and a working comprehension in clinical, social, and behavioral sciences (Berwick 2011). They need workingskills and methods in order to be competent in leading and management usances. (Berwick 2011). Student nurses will need capabilities in the n ew patient care conveyance textile that is on the horizon. Need a working knowledge in fellowship health/illness and community ground patient care. (Tanner 2011). They will need to know how to distribute patient care with other patient care modalities for appropriate patient care (Tilden 2011). The future nurse will need to have skills based on unchanging science prerequisite courses (Dracup, Tanner 2011). Health care policy knowledge, skills, and beliefs will need to be taught (Tilden 2011). Abilities related to unfolding health care needs will need to be fostered. For mannikin the elderly population (Tanner 2011). They will need to accept technology-immersed education, multifaceted approach to patient care. Universities and colleges will need to come up with a plan that will make sure that the number and the equal assignation of new Registered Nurses who have graduated from their institutions with a baccalaureate degree or higher in nursing should be greatly increased (Aiken, Cronenwett 2011). Society should embrace community colleges/ universities that have affiliations, they may increase AND graduates that would sodding(a) a BSN degree if given encouragement, and could outsmart it completed within a certain cartridge clipframe. (Dracup, Tanner 2011).The post-graduate manse programs will need to develop and test clinical education models that would include post-graduate intern and residency programs in appropriate facilities. (Tanner 2011). What the faculty members of the future need to be on the look-out 1) look for a person that has the fundamental principle for a nomination and appointment to faculty and promotion, including recognition of practice-based accomplishments, including working toward bettering healthcare (Berwick, Dracup, Cronenwett 2011). This person, who can, during their working life, move advantageously between practice (patient care), and academia (Gilliss 2011). The person, who within a short time span, has obtained a BSN, th en a Doctoral degree (Aiken, Dracup 2011). The person must maintain professional certification and/or clinical technique (Gilliss 2011). This person builds working relationships with teachers and rung in other occupations. (medicine, engineering, business, public health, andlaw). (Gilliss 2011). The person must take time to advance his/her education using two or more professions and foster cooperative practice furnishing patient-centered care (Dracup, Tilden 2011). Society needs to make sure that the universities produce a commensurate number of nurse practitioners (NPs) for primordial care roles at a time when access to health care will most likely increase the general publics need for primary care providers (Cronenwett, Gilliss 2011). Universities will need to flip their course of study in nursing education that has come about secondary to the advances made in nursing science and practice.These changes are guided by breakthroughs made in science (Tanner 2011). Universities wil l need to continue to state specialist preparation is needed for Masters program level, and advance Post-Masters DNP education. At this time, requirements for Nurse Scientists interested in translational research needs to be clarified- will a DNP and a PhD both be needed in order to be able to follow through and plow a researcher? The older population age averages, those who have chronic illnesses, added to the fast-moving science and technology fields, positive(p) the blurred lines between medicine and nursing, creates a level of unpredictability to the health care scene. It is reasonable to count a more educated health care team to care for these patients. Research has shown that hospitals that have a larger proportion of BSN bedside nurses, have a lower patient mortality/death (JAMA 1999). There is approximately research testify that has shown BSN nurses are more cost-effective. Evidence is encouraging in showing that a more highly balanced BSN labor pool might allow for a s maller module without negatively affecting patient end results. In the ambulatory out-patient care clinic setting, there is strong research-based evidence that shows that nurses with advanced degrees, usually a masters, can provide patient care with patient conclusions that are comparable to that of a Medical Doctors in some areas, like that of pain control and patient satisfaction.The cost for care is lower, also. Griffiths 2010)(Horrocks 2002). The evidence shows that the increased number of advanced degreenurses practicing has improved admittance to general patient care. (Aiken 2009). Advanced nurses staff ambulatory care clinics and see approximately three million patients a year. Nurse Practitioners also staff Community Health Centers. The Role of Nursing Organizations to Nurse Leaders The American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE), states that the BSN is the stripped degree for nurses in leadership roles. Nurse leaders in a supervisory leadership role should seek educa tion at a doctoral level. The IOM recommends lifelong learning for nurses. Nurse leaders need to help and assist as needed bed-side, clinic, and home-health care nurses in exploring and promoting new, more unprecedented, patient and family-centered care models. Nurses at all levels of the health care continuum, should be planning for leadership roles.The more experienced nurses must instruct the nurse with less proficiency, show them the way. Nurse leaders should also sit on boards of health care organizations and sit on policy-making committees. As for me, I am not sure what the future holds for me. I think maybe I would stay a bedside nurse in an acute care hospital. That is what I have done for over twenty years and that is what I love doing. I see nursing becoming more involved in the evidence-based prevention policies. Finding new ways to assist patients in reducing disease and/or promoting health, once they go home. The bedside nurse would do more of the inter-agency care coo rdination, for congressman discharge planning. Nurses must be able to function and collaborate with multiple agencies in order to get the supplies and care a patient might need once they go home.ReferencesAmericaInstitute of Medicine. (2011). The future of nursing jumper lead change, advancing health. Washington, DCCronenwett, Linda R. (09/01/2012). Molding the future of advanced practice nursing 1.. Nursing outlook (0029-6554), 60 (_5), 241. WNA working to advance the recommendations in the RWJF/IOM report the future of nursingleading change, advancing health?. Stat bulletin Of The Wisconsin Nurses Association serial online. June 201180(6)Available from CINAHL Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 11, 2014. Retrieved from ISNA Bulletin Aug/Sep/Oct 2011 pg10 Independent Study Visioning the Future of Nursing Analysis of the IOM/RWJ Foundation address Nurse Leader Vol9 Issue6 Dec2011 pg30-32

Challenges that working women face today Essay Example for Free

Challenges that constituteing wo manpower face straight off EssayIntroductionIn todays culture where individualism is emphasized and especially that wowork force are encouraged to assume equal roles as men would normally take, two or three decades ago, it is very difficult to see midriff to eye with how women are during biblical times. Girl power or women empowerment is the rule of the day for women at a timeadays.Although, of course, all women as all men have the right to lead in the sense that they have the same natural capacity to influence, the role of leadership has been blown out of proportion by feminist groups as they put whizz across it to women. The result of this over blown leadership role of women has been the constant battle between members of opposite sexes in many significant areas within society. It has affected the homes, government and non-government institutions, down to the smallest entity that has within its membership men and women.The ChallengesToda y, condescension the liberty afforded to women since their right to suffrage had been granted, myriads of problems assails them as they exercise many of their freedoms. These include sexual harassment and abuse, rapprochement family life and, still being debated to a degree is the issue on an equitable salary or pay.Generally, the women today have double jobs not to mention the c misplace attention they pay towards their childrens schooling. This is unremarkably true in urbanized and highly educated centers in the mainland USA. Despite these changes of traditional roles of women in the cities, there are yet rural areas where women assume roles that are still traditional. Women in these areas are still cognise to be subservient to their men oftentimes abuses are the rule not the exception.Abuses come in the make water of incest, rape, lure of prostitution, cybernet prostitution, abortion, domestic violence, sex tourism, and mail order brides among others. However, without except ion, more less educated women are maltreated than their more educated counterparts who also have more access to social services. In other words, the abuses mentioned characterized women, though the incidence and degree are comparatively higher in the less educated and misplaced/marginalized areas (Malveuax et al., 2002). net profit EquityDespite the provision by law that there should be equal remuneration standards for men and women, many firms and workplaces continue to abuse women of this right (Equal Employment Opportunity Act). This law precisely was originally intend for women to receive equal pay and be protected against anomalous employers who make whimsical decisions regarding their women employees.It provides against employers who may abase wages from either sex or labor geological formations that will endeavour to influence employers against employees wages (Taber, 2008). The suspense is how prevalent is the discrimination or abuse on employee salaries? Basically, i ntimately occupations still show discrepancy with women versus men wages, although various explanations are put forth. However the factors may be explained, the fact still remains that women lose around 20 to 30 percent to that of mens income (77cents to one dollar for men) as account by The Washington Post (2007 July).Balancing Work and family (Work-Life Initiatives)Work-life initiatives are strategies implemented by firms to reduce dollar volume and subjoin productivity and overall firm performance. Studies were made to examine the influence and effects of work-life initiatives on employees and the organization in general. Workplace diversity which incorporates the concepts of work-life initiatives does indicate that it is inevitable that when a company introduces work-life initiatives, there is a resulting increase in diversity. Substantial evidence point to the effectiveness of workplace diversity hence, many institutions encourage and put forward this in their particular mi lieu (http//www.cmdronline.com/workshops.htm).It is inevitable that juggling work and family life will be one of a persons demanding experiences. The rationale for having a job is not only to have a livelihood, achieve personal satisfaction in the expression of his abilities and trainings, and receive his remuneration and perks on the side. Preparation for family perceptual constancy to be able to provide and thus create an atmosphere of care, for bachelors/maidens, is also the foremost and logical tenableness for having a job.However, the thin thread that separates between the two polarities becomes blurred, and there lies the tension that pulls a person in different directions. The Center for Mediation and Dispute Resolution opens its website with the following quote Our life is one colossus balancing act (http//www.cmdronline.com/workshops.htm). Perhaps, no person will ever disagree with that statement. The goal then is to hunch forward how to do the balancing act, to gain co mpetencies in achieving a rewarding, flourishing kind of life that holds work in one hand, while maintaining a well-nurtured and healthy family on the other hand.Sex anguishWhat is perhaps most important to womens well-being is their security against abuse of any form from employers, fellow employees and other mountain as they conduct their day-to-day affairs. Sex harassment is defined by the Womens Justice vane as Sexual harassment is any unwelcome sexual advance, request for sexual favors, and other communicatory or physical conduct of a sexual nature. Whether sexual harassment is from a supervisor, co-workers or customers, it is an attempt to assert power over another person. The harassment may take place in your work setting, outside of your work setting, in your home, while traveling on tune or at business functions (20002).ConclusionWhile at the moment, the common cry of women is equality to both genders as it is reflected in womens roles in the family, in public places, a nd the obliteration of the stereotyped designation of fe mannishs in past decades which until now has its guardianship in the minds of the general public the consequent outcome of this campaign is prevalent in almost every(prenominal) area where function is concerned. In the late 1960s, womens movement began to blossom. It was stirred by the then perspective of repulsion to the tasks being typecasted among women. Womens movement of the 60s sustained to question the menial duties relegated to women such as getting married, suitable a providewife and afterwards attending to household chores (including raising children), and when outside opportunity comes for them to work, theyre consigned to state phones, photocopying, etc (Encarta, 2006).The scenery has been changed and is no longer the same as in the past 30 or 40 years. The typical woman today is one that is among the working class no longer confined to house premises, but working and providing as much as her male counterpa rts. She can be the manager or an executive of an established firm where most of the male employees are under her command. Equality in roles has now been achieved. Whereas this status and depiction of women in itself is not outright negative, the undercurrent force that it has created is the programming of the minds of todays women to be resistant to the biblical description of their role as they are teamed with men.Instead of seeing male and female partnership as complimentary to both sexes, the danger of too much emphasis on equality especially when it is defined merely in domestic and public functions is the threat that masculinity poses to womanhood. It is true for women to fight for their basic equal rights with men as members of this global community, but if it results in certain imbalances because the aim has become the dethronement of the opposite gender, then the battle for equality has now turned into fight for transcendency of the female sex.Reference1. Encarta Dictiona ry 2006. (DVD).2. Malveaux, Julianne, Deborah Perry, Deborah L. Perry. 2002. Unfinished Business A Democrat and a Republican gravel on the 10 Most Important Issues Women Face. Penguin Group USA.3. Halonen, JS and JW Santrock, 1996. Psychology Contexts of Behavior, Dubuque, IA Brown and Benchmark, p.810.4. __________ Values what are they?2007. Family industrial plant University of Illinois extension. Accessed November 10. 2007. http//www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/familyworks/values-01.html5. _________Centre for Mediation Dispute Resolution, accessed in http//www.cmdronline.com/workshops.htm6. Taber, Loren. The Law in the Workplace. Accessed February 28, 2008. http//www.google.com/search?q=cache2K4rLBDHP90Jwww.cbi-cc.org/PowerPoints/The%2520Law%2520in%2520the%2520Workplace.ppt+women+issues+on+discrimination+in+salary/wageshl=enct=clnkcd=17. _________ Men vs Women Asking for more Money. The Washington Post. July 30, 2007. Accessed February 28, 2008 http//ocouha.com/weblog/tags/earnings-inc ome-salary-wages-wealth/8. _________ Sexual Harassment in the Workplace. Toronto Harassment support Group. Retrieved February 28, 2008. http//www.owjn.org/issues/s-harass/work.htm

Cost Centres, Profit Centres, Investment Centres Essay Example for Free

Cost Centres, Profit Centres, Investment Centres EssayThe increase complexity of todays p bentage environment exonerates it virtually impossible for most buckrams to be controlled centrally. Decentralisation is a necessary response to this increasing complexity and involves the delegation of decision- reservation province by senior management to sub-ordinates. The structure is such that decision making is dispersed to various units within the organisation, with four-in-hands at various levels making key decisions relating to their pore of responsibility. These tickers of organisational dissembleivity be known as responsibility centres and whitethorn be defined as a unit of a firm where an individual carriage is held responsible for the units slaying. 1The consummation of each centre and its manager is measurable and controlled through a system of responsibility accounting which is found on the principles of mess responsibility and tracing be/ tax revenue/investm ents etc. to the individual managers who are primarily responsible. The division of the firm into separately identifiable units of responsibility allows for more(prenominal) accurate bill of managerial performance beca design local reading is more thorough. Overall, in order to obtain an accurate beat of managerial performance, taxs should be found on elements which the manager freighter control or significantly influence.There are three briny types of responsibility centre. A salute centre is the lowest level of responsibility, and performance is measured in terms of the be incurred by it. Cost centres do not generate revenue and therefore have no cabbage objectives, which variediates it from reach and investment centres. Managers of cost centres are accountable only for controllable cost and are not responsible for level of activity or long-term investment decisions. Managerial performance is measured by efficiency of operations in terms of the quantity of inputs ut ilize in producing a given output.The seat of this type of measurement lies in equivalence authentic inputs to bud go fared controllable costs or some predetermine level that represents efficient utilisation. Cost control and efficiency of operations are the main elements of this type of unit. However, costs in general can be embarrassing to measure, trace and allocate and it can be difficult to differentiate between controllable and uncontrollable costs. This poses a major drawback for the military rank of cost centres and their management, since cost is its main element of measurement. The focus being mainly on costs, braces this centre some-what weak in terms of evaluation and measurement of managerial performance.Cost centres can be split into two different types standard cost centres and discretionary cost centres. In the former, measurement is exercised by comparing standard cost with actual cost. Variances would be indicative of the efficiency of the centre and therefo re its managers performance. Discretionary cost centres are centres where output cannot be measured in financial terms, for example advertising and publicity, RD etc. Control normally takes the form of ensuring that actual cost adheres to budgeted expenditure for each expense category.2 However, a major problem with this type of responsibility centre is the measurement of the effectiveness of expenditure and the determination of the efficiency of the centre it egotism and its management.A advance centre offers an supererogatory element to the measurement process in that both inputs and outputs are measured in monetary terms. The manager of a arrive at centre has increased autonomy as s/he is responsible for revenue as come up as costs hence it is easier to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of managerial performance in financial terms. In this situation, managers are normally free to set portion outing prices, choose which markets to sell in, make product-mix and output decisions and select suppliers.3 A profit centre differs form a cost centre in that its main objective is to maximise profit and the performance of the manager is measured in terms of profit made. Top executives allocate assets to a profit centre, and the manager is responsible for victimisation these assets to make a profit. Each profit centre has a profit target and has the authority to adopt such policies that are necessary to achieve these targets.Profit centre managers are evaluated by comparing actual profit to targeted profit. Profit analysis using profitability ratios or segmented income statements are characterd as a root for evaluating managerial performance. The major issue with profit statements is the difficulty in deciding what is controllable or traceable, and in order to assess the managers performance rather than the economic performance of the unit, measures must be based on controllable profit only. Another difficulty arises in allocating revenue and costs to p rofit centres, as it is unlikely that the profit centre is completely independent. This has prompted many firms to use multiple performance measures such as a balanced scorecard, which measures non-financial as well as financial elements of the unit.The measurement of profit is overly increase by the use of transfer prices and agreeing on its fairness. Transfer prices are allocated to goods transferred from one unit to other within a firm. The implication of transfer prices is that for the selling unit it will be a obtain of revenue and for the receiving unit it is an element of cost, and as a result each division may act in its own interests. Transfer pricing therefore has a significant bearing when calculating revenues, costs and profits of responsibility centres. The choice of transfer pricing system is important because it affects goal congruence as well as performance measurement. However, it is difficult to determine the correct transfer price, as there are a wide variety of methods available, varying from negotiation to approaches based on the market or based on cost.The investment centre manager has increased responsibility in comparison to the cost and profit centre managers and as a result there are further options for managerial performance measurement by top management. The investment centre manager has responsibility for revenue and costs, and also has the authority to make capital investment decisions. This type of unit represents the highest level of managerial autonomy. An investment centre differs from a profit centre in that investment centre management is evaluated on the basis of the rate of return acquire on the assets employed or the residual income earned, while profit centre management is evaluated on the basis of excess revenue over expenses for the period. The manager in charge has the objective of profitability, depending not only on sales just also on profitability of the capital used.Overall, investment centres offer the bro adest basis for measurement in the sense that managerial performance is measured not only in terms of profits, but also in terms of assets employed to generate those profits. Performance can be measured using a variety of tools, and this ensures that the drawbacks of one method are overcome by the merits of another. This in turn go aways to more accurate results and is one of the main reasons why investment centres are so popular as a means of managerial performance measurement in large companies.Both the effectiveness and the efficiency of the manager can be assessed by reference to the accounting data available. Investment centres offer many qualities inevitable for good managerial performance measurement. For example, they provide incentives to the unit manager, they can recognise long-term objectives as well as short-term objectives and the increased responsibility means there are more controllable factors for use in performance measurement calculations.Return on investment is a measurement approach in common use in investment centres. This method has the advantage of being simple and easy to calculate. ROI expresses divisional profit as a percentage of the assets employed in the division.4 It has the further advantage of do managers to achieve the best return on investments in order to achieve the associated rewards. ROI provides a return measure that controls the size and is comparable to other measures. It can be used as a common denominator for comparing the returns of similar businesses, such as other divisions within the group or outside competition. It is widely used and most managers understand what the measure reflects.However, some complications arise in the calculation of this method. For example, difficulties regarding the calculation of profit, some of which are described above. Profit can be defined in a number of ways and this enables the innovation to be manipulated. In the case of the figure for investments, the question arises whether this should be total assets (gross or depreciated), total in operation(p) assets or net total assets. The result would differ in each case, but if consistency is retained throughout the organisation, decisions would remain unaffected.Another difficulty that may arise in relation to this method is that managers may focus on self-interests rather than the general goal of the organisationand some profitable opportunities may be ignored because s/he fears potential dilution of existing successful endeavours. Furthermore, ROI does not adequately recognise risk. A manager who generates a large ROI result may be investing in riskier assets which may not be consistent with organisational goals. Use of ROI as a managerial performance measure can lead to under or over investment in assets or incorrect asset disposal decisions, in order to achieve the result the manager requires to accomplish his reward.To overcome some of the above difficulties, many firms use residual income to evaluate managerial performance. This method seeks to motivate managers to invest where the expected returns exceed the cost of capital. For the habit of managerial performance measurement, it compares the controllable contribution of an investment with the targeted rate of return.5 There is a greater possibility that managers will be encouraged to act in the best interests of the company. Another advantage of this method is that it is more flexible because different cost of capital rates can be applied for different levels or risk. Though ROI and RI operate on a similar basis, RI proves part in certain circumstances. For example, if ROI is chosen as the measuring technique, managers may be reluctant to make additional investments in fixed assets as it may bring down the ROI for their centre. RI calculation results would be more accurate in these situations.However, residual income does not overcome the problem of determining the value of assets or the figure to be used for profit. If RI is used in a short-term perspective, it can over-emphasise short-term performance at the expense of long-term performance. Investment projects with decreed net present values can show poor ROI and RI results in early years, leading to rejection of projects by managers. Residual income also experiences problems in comparing managerial performance in divisions of different sizes. The manager of the big division will generally show a higher RI because of the size of the division rather accordingly superior managerial performance. Another drawback for this method is that it requires an estimate of the cost of capital, a figure which can be difficult to calculate.Economic value added is an extension of the residual income measurement. It measures surplus value created by total investments which accept funds provided by banks, shareholders etc. Its key element is the emphasis on after-tax operating profit and the actual annual cost of capital. The latter aspect differentiates it from the RI measure, which uses the minimum expected rate of return. EVA is a further measuring towards encouraging centre managers to concentrate on the overall goal of the organisation rather than their own self interests, hence reducing dysfunctional behaviour.The above measures are financial measures. As stated previously, it is important also to study non-financial aspects, such as customer satisfaction, quality, internal processes, growth etc. in order to get a more complete picture when measuring managerial performance. The above measures also focus on performance within the investment centre and do not consider the performance relative to overall company objectives.In conclusion, it can be stated that in order to assess managerial performance as opposed to the economic performance of the division, it is vital to make a distinction between the controllable and uncontrollable elements used in the chosen calculations. Each measurement technique is not without limitations, but these difficulties can be overcome by using a wide variety of measurement tools and striking the salutary balance between them. Of the three types of responsibility centre, an investment centre can be considered to yield better results, as it allows for the broadest basis for measurement, making it widely popular as a means of managerial performance measurement.1 C. Drury, focusing and Cost Accounting, 6th Ed. P. 6532 C. Drury, Management and Cost Accounting, 6th Ed. P. 6543 C. Drury, Management and Cost Accounting, 6th Ed. P. 654/655 4 C. Drury, Management and Cost Accounting, 6th Ed. P. 8455 IPA Manual, Management Accounting, P 239

Europe and Turkey Essay Example for Free

atomic number 63 and misfire EssayDiscussions intimately Euro-Turkish relations dependable away would unremarkably hover around flops application for genus Phallusship to the atomic number 63an due north which has been pending since the mid(prenominal) 1900s. Turkey, a predominantly Muslim country situated in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, has been an lad member of the European Community (the forerunner of the European Union) since 1964, but is still working for a bounteous membership forty-two years later. (Turkey. The World Fact Book. Para 1) The union, which started as a regional scotch grouping in 1951, counted among its six original members the countries of Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. It opened its doors for innovative members for the head start time in 1973 when it welcomed into its folds Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Another country joined in 1981(Greece) and two more countries enlisted in 19 86. The year 1995 accounted for triad additional members, and, finally, in 2004, ten more countries were granted full membership to wrap up todays final roster of twenty-five member-countries.The European Union, in a recruitment process which spanned 31 years, accepted a total of nineteen additional members since 1951. (European Union. The World Fact Book. para.2) This fairly robust appendage in the union membership compels us to ask the obvious questions What happened to Turkeys application for membership which was filed forty-two years ago nine years before the union first opened its doors for new members? Bypassed five times in thirty- unitary years, does Turkey still stand a chance for that debatable membership? . Historical Background. The conundrum that characterizes the Euro-Turkish relationship has its historical roots in the 1800s. When the heads of states of the European countries gathered in concert after the fall of Napoleon in 1814 in what has been known as the co itus of capital of Austria to literally remake the map of Europe, every country was represented except Turkey. The reason for this was never explicitly wedded in any historical account. However, this discriminatory act prompted Turkey to adopt the view that Europe was fit a Christian association, packing the fact that it was the but predominantly Muslim country in the region. at that place were attempts to brush aside this Turkish claim by referring to numerous incidents of slaughterhouse and claims of corruption in the puff (Turkish) Empire practices which were said to be intolerable for Europeans. (Gerolymatos, para.5) Looking indorse at that point in history, however, we atomic number 18 left to wonder whether these reasons were real, fabricated, or take down morally suitable to warrant much(prenominal) an exclusionary action on the part of the congress initiators. In fairness to Turkey, could the rest of Europe claim absolute innocence of such offences during those turbulent years in European history? The Congress of Vienna. A careful reading of the intents of the Congress of Vienna would show us that the Turkish claim might not be as profitless as congress organizers wanted it to appear. The primary goal of the gathering was to restore political boundaries in Europe which were abolished by the expansionist wars waged by Napoleon. One of the four principles that guided the Congress of Vienna in that unauthorised task of reestablishing the European political order was the encirclement of France. At the time, the Congress of Vienna considered the task of adopting adequate measures to guard against future aggressions by France so urgent that it decided that fortresses situated in strategic points surround France should be controlled by allied crams for up to a period of five years.It is clear, therefore, that what was commonly at the back of every congress delegates minds at that time was what to do to contain France. Yet, it interestingly, th e four major players in that shock were Lord Castlereagh of Great Britain, Tsar Alexander I of Russia, Prince von Metternich of Austria, and Talleyrand of France1 (Wallbank, Taylor, Carson. 1960) What a way for a France-wary Europe to acknowledge a french representative in concocting anti-French plans Was it not ironical, therefore, that while France appeared to be the bad guy of the day, it was Turkey who got excluded from the congress?The Right of Turkey. Let us look at the map of Europe in 18152 and consider the geographical locations of the three European countries who figured prominently in that conference with relevance to their proximity to France, vis a vis Turkey. Great Britain is nearest, but it is an island set-apart from the continent by the English Channel, and was, in fact, protected by the about advanced navy during those times.The Austrian Empire and the Ottoman Empire were almost equidistant from, and were two separated from France, by the Germanic Federation , the Kingdom of Hungary, Switzerland, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. Tsarist Russia was remotethest, because it is situated behind the Empire of Austria. (Wallbank, et al. 1960) If the fear of nurture threats from France was what forced these three nations to exert undue influence on the Congress of Vienna to do something about France, then Turkey had as much right as they had to be in that meeting.Now permit us look at the allegations of massacres and corruption involving Turkey which were just too much for Europeans to stomach, and which, apparently, was make an excuse for not inviting Turkey to the conference. (Gerolymatos, para.5) Again, we beget to bear in mind that those were periods of instability and violent struggles for bureau and survival. Governments and monarchies were scurrying to consolidate their influence and control over their domains. As the Jacobins, who were at the helm of the National traffic pattern that governed France in 1793, put it, What constitutes t he Republic is the complete destruction of everything that is opposed to it. And so it was that in France, historians believe that the decree of terror, which reached its peak in 1793, might generate accounted for as much as twenty-thousand people execute simply because they were considered royalists, and counted among its victims Queen Marie Antoinette and the great orator Danton, because he wished to end the policy of terror. It must besides be pointed out that during the rule of the monarchy in France (the Bourbon House, represented by Louis XVIII, was restored in France by the Congress of Vienna), the juridical and municipal offices, among others, were for sale. (Wallbank, et al. 1960)So why are they (apparently including the French), being so righteous about these questions of massacres and corruption? In my research in the subject, although I have found reports of maltreatment by the minority Turks over the Christians in the Balkan Peninsula, I failed to obtain hard histo rical evidence of massacres during the period in question.However, what I did find were the massacre of all Greeks in Constantinople in 1821 and the Turkish massacre of the entire Greek population of the island of Chios in 1822, both events happening in connection with the Greek uprising of 1821. (Wallbank, et al. 1960) Incidentally, these events happened seven years after the Congress of Vienna and could not have been the ones referred to by the congress delegates. However, for purposes of intelligence, granting that the Turks were as guilty as the French, why condemn the first and exonerate the latter?The Present Situation. Turkey became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty geological formation (NATO) in 1952. (Turkey. The World Fact Book. para.1) It appears that joining a military machine organization composed mostly of European countries several years after the Second World War did not present much of a problem for Turkey. In my analysis, this was because Turkey was valuable to NATO at the time. Together with Greece and Iran, it formed the northern tier of the horse opera gross profit against the encroaching Soviet Union. (Gerolymatos, para.6) It did not matter then that Turkey was not well-equipped militarily.The United States lavished their newfound ally with billions of dollars worth of weapons systems (apparently without any objections coming from her European friends), so that Turkey can perform the functions of a perimeter guard satisfactorily. (para.7). And so the truth was laid out for everyone to see that in the name of military cooperation, a subsidized Turkey was considered an ally, treated as one of the boys. Perhaps even a member of the European family of nations? Anything just to encourage Turkey to help in the defense of Europe against Russian advances.The European Union. paltry into the field of economics, everything takes on a very different shape and color. In this area, according to the Europeans, Turkey undeniably failed to quali fy.3 Its as simple as that. The European Union, despite having considered Turkey as an associate member since 1964, did not lift a finger to help her make the grade. Instead, the union bureaucrats, in claiming a emollient of their position and again to brush aside Turkeys allegations of the existence of a Christian Club in Europe (remember 1814?), agreed to consider Turkeys application provided that Turkey bring into force several pieces of reform legislation, then stepped back and waited for results. (Turkey and Europe An Invitation to Dance? Para.2)No more billions (with no strings attached) to bolster her economy to qualify the country for union membership. Not like with NATO. Indeed, it was a far cry from the billions of dollars worth of military hardware which turned Turkey into a worthy member of NATO. Do I detect a double standard here? Does it mean that its all right to pour billions of dollars into Turkeys arsenal to help in defending Europe, but it could not be acceptable to help it economically so that it could be eligible for European Union membership? Interestingly, the military strategists who welcomed Turkey with open arms, and the economists who cant seem to accept her, are both based in Brussels, Belgium.Islamization of Europe. There are fears among scholars and independent observers alike, that the Islamization of Europe is imminent in the coming years. Mr. Pipes, the director of the Middle eastern Forum, cites two contributory factors, namely the hollowing out of Christianity in Europe, and an anemic birth rate among Europeans. (Moslem Europe. Para. 2 3) Mr. Pipes explains this twin phenomenon as the falling number of Europeans who remain to be practicing Christians compared to the fewer, but ever committed and devout Islam followers, on the one hand, and the very low incident of births among Europeans (many of whom do not want to have children), against the unhindered reproduction among Moslems who do not practice birth control, on the o ther hand. (Para. 3)Following up on this argument being advanced by Mr. Pipe, the world will one day see a Europe populate by a Moslem majority and a Christian minority. The logic in his reasoning is simple. First, even if the Christian population remains the numerical majority, if the mainstream Christians are no longer interested in practicing Christianity, Islam, although preached by the minority, has an outside chance of becoming the dominant religious persuasion in the region. Second, given the Europeans seeming nonchalance to procreation and taking note of the Moslems predilection for large families, the future demographic characteristic of Europe sure favors the Moslem community.The situation, though, is not that hopeless if Mr. Pipe is to be believed. According to him, although a remote possibility considering things as they are now developing in Europe, this trend towards Islamization could still be thwarted. Three developments working in concert could still revitalize Eu rope and restore it to the Christian society that it once was first, Christian trustingness must be restored among the majority of Europeans and birthrate should be increased second, the Moslem countries has to be modernized (effectively reducing unemployment) to cut down Moslem migration to Europe and, third, migration to Europe should be diversified, with greater efforts directed at attracting more immigrants from the Christian regions such as the Latin American countries. Mr. Pipe, however, seems to urge Europe to act with urgency because the prospects diminish with time. (Moslem Europe. Para. 7)Islamic terrorism. There now exists in Europe what is called the Generation Jihad.4 Powell (2005) describes it as the restive, rootless young Muslims who have spent their lives in Europe but now find themselves alienated from their societies and the policies of their governments. Powell believes that this alienation resulted from frustrations among the ranks of young Muslims to have bet ter opportunities in life, as well as their resentment towards official policies which they feel are harmful to Muslims. (Generation Jihad. Page.2)To underscore the danger posed by Islamic terrorism in Europe, Powell cited estimates done by the French police which revealed that out of the recorded 1,600 mosques in France as of 2004, around 150 were controlled by extremist elements. He also referred to a study which showed that 23% of the 1,160 French nationals who recently converted to Islam admitted to being Salafists, or members of a violent extremist sect. (Generation Jihad. Page 2) He also argued that the occupation of Iraq by the United States and her allies has influenced the Muslims in Europe into believing that these western countries are determined to destroy Islam. This belief somewhat radicalized the Muslims and convinced them that their only recourse is to fight and defend Islam. (Page 4)Conclusion. As had been shown earlier in this paper, there undeniably exists a sce nt of unexplained awkwardness and even mistrust among Christian European countries towards the predominantly Muslim Turkey since the 19th century. The recent developments associating Muslims with terrorism in Europe are more likely to widen this rift amid Turkey and the rest of the continent. Moreover, the fear of the Islamization of Europe voiced by some observers does absolutely nothing to bridge this gap.Considering the poor economic conditions in Turkey which have already fallen short of the European Union standards, the aforementioned factors might prove fatal to the chances of Turkey for a full membership in the European Union. Unless drastic economic and political measures are implemented, coupled with a complete turnaround in the European attitude towards Turkey, the wait for the much coveted EU membership might well take some other decade or two. REFERENCESEuropean Union. The World FactBook. Central Intelligence Agency. United StatesDepartment of State. Retrieved from h ttps//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ec.htmlGerolymatos, A. Turkey and Europe A Political and Historical Conundrum. Diogenes. Retrieved from http//www.omogenia.com/diogenis/turkeyandeurope.htmlPipes, Mr. Moslem Europe. Retrieved from http//www.falange.us/moslem5a.htmPowell, B. (26 Sept. 2005).Generation Jihad. Time Magazine online. Retrieved fromhttp//www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1109334-1,00.html Satiroglu, H.T.(03 October 2006). Turkey and Europe An Invitation to Dance?WorldPoliticsWatch. Retieved from http//worldpoliticswatch.com/article.aspx?id=229Turkey. The World FactBook. Central Intelligence Agency. United States Department of State. Retrieved from https//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tu.htmlWallbank, T.W., Taylor, A.M., Carson, G.B.Jr. (1960) Civilization. (Vol. Two).Glenview, Illinois. Scott, Foresman and Company.1 See Wallbank, et al, pages 110-113, for an insightful discussion of the events in the Congress of Vienna.2 See Wallbank, et al, page 193 for the map of the Ottoman Empire 1815.3 Refer to the section on Turkey of The World Fact Book for the economic statistics on Turkey.4 Read Generation Jihad by Bill Powell, pages 1-6, for a detailed discussion of this phenomenon.