Building Information Modelling: Effect on Quantity Surveyor

create schooling casting Effect on Quantity SurveyorBuilding info copy (BIM) is a revolutionary engine room and movement that has trans phase angleed the way twists atomic hail 18 knowing, tumbled, constructed, and managed (Hardin, 2009, p. 2). BIM has taken the reflexion manufacturing into a new-era where all processes has fasten up, the public assistances atomic number 18 not just metre and court savings but to a fault lessening of risks and uncertain in saying process. From the through literature review of some(prenominal) seekers deeds promulgated in various journals suggestions ar creation do as how this BIM nuzzle is being carried let step up in facial pre moveion industry, at the same time a critical literature review is alike being conducted on the apostrophize appraisal inwardly BIM technologies and whether this cigargontte benefit or harm the next spot of the amount of m onenessy surveyor.A questionnaire was radiation diagramed t o target how the intent of BIM ordain affect the prox role touchstone surveyor. The questionnaires were distributed to family and friends extending at heart the winding industry and also edifice professionals deep down the UK.From epitome the terminations obtained and comparing them with the literature review.Implementing BIM within the reflexion industry although the presidency heading Construction Adviser Paul Morrell called for BIM adoption on UK administration twisting redacts of 5 million and all over. And also in June 2011 the UK government published its BIM strategy, announcing its intention to involve collaborative 3D BIM (with all attend and summation reading, reinforcement and entropy being electronic) on its plans by 2016 (Elena Poletayeva, 2011). At this present-day(prenominal) time there is a clear indication that BIM isnt being example to its full moon advantage within the twirl industryCHAPTER 1 apprehensionion TO DISSERTATIONThe follow ing investigate pass on investigate and analysis how the consumption of BIM volition affect the in store(predicate) role of the step surveyor. According to the over-embellished Institute of British Architects RIBA (2012), al intimately a third of locution advisors ar now utilize BIM. Thenbs (2011) erectd tuition that in May 2011 UK Government Chief Construction Adviser Paul Morrell called for BIM adoption on UK government construction projects of 5million and over.Thenbs (2012) recountd that Building In unsex upion Modelling covers geometry, spatial relationships, light analysis, geographical study, quantities and properties of building components. BIM data can be commitd to illustrate the intact building life cycle. Quantities and properties of materials can be extracted comfortably and the scope of works can be easily defined. Further some(prenominal) than bodys, assemblies and sequences can be manifestn in a relative scale to each other and relative to the full project.1.1 Problem identification and purpose of dissectThe purpose of this explore paper is to investigate the qualities of BIM and the influence it forget hold on the mensuration analyze profession, through look for of the opport social unities and barriers that it brings forth, and the changes to be do and measures to be taken by measuring stick surveyors in the in store(predicate), in decree to successfully incorporate BIM into the quantity surveying profession.The chief(prenominal)(prenominal) role of Quantity Surveyors is to fancy the building monetary value, the new-made quantity surveyor bequeaths a service that covers all aspects of procurement, contractual and project hail management. The role of the quantity surveyor plays a very important role in all phases of any type of Construction Company (surveyors, 2013). The modern quantity surveyor plays a central role in the management of construction projects (Towey, 2012 p.26).estimators consider deve loped their computing skills in using estimating systems but mostly relying in adopting spread sheets and database ages(Brook, 2008 p.9).Repository (2012) stated that over the eld the need for more be effective, better quality and environmentally friendlier construction has gr take in, these factors are the main Influences on the development of engineering science in the construction industry. Building breeding Modelling (BIM) is one of the technologies that lose been creating a buzz in the construction industry over the work few years.Ukconstructionessays (2012) provided development that Building Information Modelling, or better known as BIM is not strictly speaking a new technology as it has been developing and routined by other industry sectors since 1950s i.e. the automotive and aero excogitatione industries.As technology evolves, we are forced to evolve with it or run the risk of being left behind. The traditional way of utilising the services of a quantity surveyor has largely been at the stage of equaling a design, and the production of procurement and construction documentation (Asworth and Hogg, 2002p.67). With the development of technology like BIM, the responsibilities of professionals are starting to shift. BIM includes a series of cost management functions that could change the processes of cost management of construction projects. This forces the quantity surveyor to focus more on distinct parts of the cost management process, than what would have previously. Not solitary(prenominal) give BIM influence the cost management functions and responsibilities of the quantity surveyor, but also the technology and types of bundle that are currently used in quantity surveying offices.The responsibilities of quantity surveyors willing be changed as some of their traditional roles will be replaced by the use of, so that their focus will shift from bill producers to cost managers, which will shift the design process from costing to a desig n to designing to a cost.1.2 Structure of the DissertationThe whole dissertation is in the main divided up into 6 chapters.Chapter 1 Introduction to the DissertationChapter 2 Literature reviewChapter 3 look for MethodologyChapter 4 depth psychology DiscussionsChapter 5 Conclusion RecommendationsChapter 6 References1.3 Aims Objectives1.3.1 AimThe objective of this dissertation is to learn if the use of BIM in the construction industry is going to affect the future role of the quantity surveyor.1.3.2 ObjectivesTo envision what is BIMTo Re appear into whether BIM will help uphold the Quantity SurveyorTo Research into whether BIM will affect the role of the Quantity surveyorTo summarise, poll and evaluate the data collected in aver essay how the use of BIM will affect the future role of the quantity surveyor.Critically analyse the data collected from these questionnaires by comparing theoretical conclusions with the empirical research findings to impel conclusions.To prepare a questionnaire to collect data from practitioners within the construction industry in the UK in regards to whether the use of BIM will affect the future role of quantity surveyor.Clear objectives are important to determine whether this survey is achieving what it set out to do. It is also important to write programme objectives as specifically as possible to provide program clarity and warm links to evaluation. It is more than easier to evaluate a program when clear objectives have been developed (my peer 2012).Subsequently, if the projects aim and objectives are achieved by this research, this would be service up to(p) to figure out whether the use of BIM will affect the future role of the Quantity surveyor.1.4 Restraints LimitationsThe main restraint is the access and use of BIM software package as a full time student I do not have access to BIM software within the construction industry or at the university. Archicad or Autodesk will need to be used to understand fully wh at BIM is and how it works a student version can be downloaded online. The research will involve the use of academic materials such as textbooks, journals, published and unpublished documents and internet sites shown further on in the field of operations in section 3.4. The data analysis will be carried out by sending out an online questionnaire to two contacts running(a) for a consultant and contractor respectively. I made casualness with these two contacts from previous work experience.Another restraint is how many quite a little answer the online questionnaire the more people that answer the questionnaire will be beneficial within the analysis as a greater number of people will give much more accurate results. Many of the creatority individuals who will carry out the questionnaire may have busy agendas so research must be taken into ensuring that questions are capable and are able to draw suitable responses from at the end. It will be hard to measure how many construction companies currently use BIM and whether It is having an effect on the role of quantity surveyors working within the construction industry as there isnt enough time to rumple research from every construction company around the UK .Throughout the study an open mind will be maintained whilst undertaking the research and analysis of the data collected.1.5 Research Beneficiaries/DisseminationThis research will be useful into stationing whether the use of BIM will affect the future role of the quantity surveyor or aid the future role of the quantity surveyor. And to also identify what specific ways the quantity surveyor may benefit from using BIM and in what specific ways the quantity surveyor may be affected by the use of BIM in the future.Other categories to benefit from this research include the researcher, students and academics. By undertaking this research companies and people working within the construction industry can have a better understanding on the use of BIM approach and h ow it can be implemented within the cost estimation stage of a project and also into several(predicate) phases of a project and the views of other professionals working within the UK construction industry on this industriousness can be found and thus can implement that coating effectively for the success of the project.CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 IntroductionIn this chapter 2 of literature review, a critical literature has been conducted to the highest degree how the use of BIM can aid the role of quantity surveyor and how BIM may be a threat to the future role of the quantity surveyor.2.2 Building Information ModellingConstruction business owner (2012) provided nurture that BIM allows early collaboration and integ paygrade of the design cultivation in a 3-D environment programs are widely used in the early stages to eliminate potential issues that would be costly to rectify in the field. get alongly parties involved benefit. Designers can identify and correct design iss ues before they result in rework and schedule delays. Contractors have more reliable training and can better designing for equipment use and construction sequencing. Owners can walk the project in a 3-D environment during the design. And facility managers can pinpoint ergonomic issues and plan maintenance activities more efficiently by sharing the mould with their vendors and contractors.BIM will only benefit users if it leads to improved design, faster delivery, reduced price or improved value. A combination of these factors will dictate how successful BIM implementation will be in the coming years. When all members of the construction aggroup work on the same modelling, from early design through to completion, changes are automatically coordinated crossways the project and cultivation generated is therefore of spicy quality.The construction industry is widely acknowledged as unique and conservative. Building Information Modelling (BIM) systems have the potential to revolu tionize current practices and to alter the measurement of quantities from construction drawings. However, there are fears that such developments could threaten the future role of the quantity surveyor.2.3 Advantages of BIMThe application of BIM has the result of many advantages, such asGreater speedThe multi-dimensionality of BIM allows various deliverables and documentation to be prepared simultaneously to the design of the building. Furthermore, the use of object-oriented design and the re-use of entropy accelerate the creation of drawings (Ashcraft, 2007) REFENCED. Changes made to a certain aspect of the model or the design will be automatically updated through the rest of the project, which allows for major time savings. R2.3.2 Lower costsSabol (2012) provided development that BIM offers the capability to generate take-offs, counts and measurements shoot forly from a model. This provides a process where information stays consistent throughout the project and changes can be r eadily accommodated. Building information modelling supports the full project lifecycle and offers the capability to integrate costing efforts throughout all project phases. According to chuck Eastman (2011) at any stage of the design, BIM technology can extract an accurate bill of quantities and spaces that can be used for cost estimation.2.3.3 Uniform design baseWith traditional modes every stakeholder uses the same information but interprets it in a different way and enters it into a different format. As this information is exchanged in the midst of different parties, errors might betransferred with it. BIM ensures that all parties work on the same base model, that coordinates building objects created across various disciplines which will contiguously expose errors (Ho well and Batcheler, 2005 p.58).2.3.4 Drawing fabricationAll floor plans, sections and elevations will be accurate and consistent with one another, as they are produced directly from the same model (Howell and Ba tcheler, 2005, p.64).2.3.5 apostrophize EstimationCost estimating is currently a time consuming process, requiring an entire aggroup of estimators. Acebytes (2012) provided information that there are multiple factors hindering the transition to model- found estimating however, the risks are reassert by the benefits of estimating with BIM. Building Information Modelling has the capability to automate a quantity take-off, which will reduce the time and costs need to estimate a project. By using a building information model instead of drawings the take offs, counts, and measurements can be generated directly from the underlying model and the information can be linked to generate bills of materials, size and sphere of influence estimations along with other related estimating information. According to Hardin (2009) another strategy for supplement BIM during a project is to use the BIM file for updating estimates very quickly, last minute design changes can be altered and updated mu ch more quickly than typical take off methodologies can catch up with.2.4 Disadvantages of BIMPrecisedraftunginc (2012) provided information that BIM beseechs more effort at the front end of a project to establish the initial framework. But the payoff is that you are able to extract a much higher quality and greater quantity of information from that model. BIM allows changes to happen easily, so clients may continue to make changes likewise late in the process, and that can impact construction and design costs.BIM results in much larger file sizes than traditional hot dog systems, and requires higher playing computer hardware to operate it effectively.BIM requires more thoughtful design. We now have to do what all good designers have done in the sometime(prenominal) Think in 3d and visualize the final product2.5 Who is currently using BIM?NBS surveyed over 6,500 construction professionals in the UK with over a 6% response rate (Thenbs, 2012). Those asked said they believed a q uarter of the industry will use BIM for the majority of projects in one years time and a half will use BIM for the majority of projects in three years time.BIM survey who is using and particularizes to use BIMAs shown in fig 1 the survey shows a clear split in the industry. There is a gradually increase in the respondents who intend to use BIM for all projects over the next 5 years. This reflecting in the gradual drop in respondents who intend to use BIM for a minority of projects over the next 5 years.2.6 Considerations and Limitations of BIMBIM has the potential to improve the communication and coordination between the different stakeholders of a project. BIMs benefits range from wide improvements in efficiency and coordination to greater client satisfaction.With all of the perceived benefits of BIM, AV professionals should also be aware that there are a number of Considerations and current limitations that must be taken into account.2.6.1 Cost of Software and ironwareEvery or ganization currently utilizing 2D or 3D CAD drafting software can attribute a cost component part against purchasing, maintaining and upgrading software licenses to keep a competitive market advantage. Current trends show that the cost of BIM software packages tends to be more expensive than CAD software packages available on the market.With the introduction of BIM software, the extremitys on hardware have increase significantly. Currently, CAD software can be operated (with limitations) on a wide majority of professional laptops. Yet with the introduction ofBIM software, dedicated high-specification workstations, equivalent to those required by advanced modeling and rendering software, are required.Software and program requirements are ahead of hardware availability. With BIM software, it is essential to know exactly what parameters of the hardware improve practiseance and what elements have no major effect at all.2.6.2 Cost of TrainingWith new software, there is a great inqui re to train staff quickly so that the investment can be justified. It is not realistic to assume professionals with CAD proficiency will be able to learn new BIM software quickly or without specialize training. Given the fundamental differences between BIM and CAD, training should be considered a requirement for all professionals involved with designing and producing documentation.BIM provides the ability for every member of the team to be involved in the design and modeling process, giving them eat up control of the end product. Investment in training for early adopters provides them a competitive edge with projects that have clearly specified requirements to be put down utilizing BIM.2.6.3 Compatibility between Software PlatformsOne of the biggest issues with early adaptors of BIM is the issue of inter-product compatibility. Due to the comparatively new nature of the market, every software manufacturer is doing something different with its software. This interoperability dispu te can make it difficult for projects to function if different team members own different software packages.This interoperability issue is not limited to different software platforms due to the rapid development of the BIM software industry newer versions of programs within the same platform can have interoperability issues.One alternative to the current product-specific models is a vendor-in helpless, neutral-file format. One such file format is the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format which captures both(prenominal) geometry and properties of intelligent building objects (objects with associated usable metadata) and their relationships within Building Information Models, thus facilitating the sharing of information across otherwise incompatible applications.2.6.4 groundingSince a goal of BIM is to assign constraints and parameters to intelligent objects to improve efficiency, there is a potential to inhibit innovation which would possibly otherwise occur without the change processes and shared knowledge that BIM now provides. Those firms implementing BIM should view the parameters and metadata constraints as a globose database that allows designers to save time associated with updating and configuring product-specific data repetitively on different projects, hence increasing the amount of time spent on system design and innovation.2.6.5 ConclusionA BIM model can overcome most of the most serious failings of conventional drawing-based design. It provides greater client certainty primitively improved consistency and easier coordination of design documentation improved, complete procurement documentation much more powerful construction and project management tools and much more valuable as make and record information for the owner. The result will be substantiality more profitable firms of all types in the sector (Ray Crotty, 2011, p.57)2.7 The Cost Management Functions of Building Information Modelling2.7.1 Bills of quantitiesBills of quantities are one of the main tools used in the cost management of construction projects. The automatic production of bills of quantities is one of the functions that BIM technology developers pride themselves on as the fifth dimension of BIM. The automation of bills of quantities is one of the functions that enhanced BIM technology to be fully collaborative and integrative. The primary and core component of the 5D concept is a decently configured 3D model of the building (Popov et al. 2009). A properly produced BIM uses parametric modelling and object-orientated modelling to assign construction data, such as the physical properties and functional peculiarities, to each building element modelled (BIM Journal, 2009). In order to demonstrate this, consider the following example A door built into aR Popov, V., Juocevicius, V., Migilinskas, D., Ustinovichius, L and Mialauskas, S. 2009. The use of a virtual building design and construction model for developing an effective project concept in 5D envir onment, Automation in Construction, Volume 19, November 2009R2.7.2 Cost estimatesBIM technology can extract accurate quantities and spaces that can be used for cost estimating at any period of the design of a project. Different information is applicable to different stages of the design phase, and advantage should be taken of information available and where not reasonable assumptions should be made (Eastman et al. 2008). In the early stages of the design phase, when the design is still conceptual and limited information is available, cost estimates are typically based on a cost per unit or cost per square metre (Eastman et al. 2008). The BIM model can easily make available design variable information, such as the floor-to-ceiling superlative of each area, the perimeter/floor area ratio, the height of the building, etc which needs to be taken into account as it can have an impact on the cost per unit or cost per square metre rates.R Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R. and Liston, K . 2008. BIM Handbook Aguide to Building Information Modelling for Owners, Managers, Designers,Engineers, and Contractors, J Wiley, New JerseyIt should be noted that while building models provide adequate Measurements for quantity take-offs, they are not a replacement for estimating. Estimators perform a critical role in the building process utmost beyond that of extracting counts and measurements (Eastman, 2011, p.276).CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGYA Quantitative research methodology will be used. According to Shamil Naoum, (2006 p.g39) denary research is based on a hypothesis or a theory self-possessed of a variable measured and analysed with statistical procedures. Quantitative research changes the author to measure and analyse data. Benefitof (2012) provided information that the relationship between an independent and dependent variable is studied in detail. The use of standard means in quantitative research means that any research may be replicated, analysed and also compare d with other similar studies. Quantitative research allows for greater trueness and objectivity of results gained .Quantitative research usually filters out all external factors and if well designed, it provides unbiased and real results. Quantitative research is a great method to finalise results and disprove or prove a hypothesis. It is useful for examination results gotten from doing various qualitative experiments, thereby leading to the final answer. Quantitative Research will provide the advantage of finding a premeditated set of result from a range of professionals in the construction industry.3.1 Advantages of quantitative data collectionNumeric estimatesOpportunity for relatively uncomplicated data analysisData which are verifiableData which are comparable between different communities within different locationsData which do not require analytical judgement beyond consideration of how information will be presented in the dissemination process.3.2 Disadvantages of quantitati ve data collectionGaps in information issues which are not included in the questionnaire, or secondary data checklist, will not be included in the analysisA labour intensive data collection processLimited affair by affected persons in the content of the questions or direction of the information collection process.(Reliefweb, 2012)3.3 The QuestionnaireA Questionnaire will be produced to obtain the data. Statpac (2012) provided information that Questionnaires are very cost effective when compared to face-to-face interviews. Surveys are used to gather data from a relatively large number of respondents within a limited time frame (Naum, 2006, p. 44).Questionnaires are easy to analyse, they are old(prenominal) to most people. They are less are less intrusive than holler or face-to-face surveys. The results from the questionnaires will hence be produced into bar charts and analysed.The questionnaire will consist of 18 different types of questions from closed end, open ended, Numerica l rating scale questions which will require the respondents to rate the answers, rating out of 5, 1= least important and 5= most important. And ranking questions which will require the respondents to place a set of attitudes or objects in ranking order indicating their importance. The main advantage of incorporating open questions within the questionnaire is They give the respondents the opportunity to express their views (Naum, 2006, p.68).Open questions can, however, present problems. As the open question offers no direct clues and is a broad base. Predictably this type of questionnaire is more difficult to analyse and interpret (Naum, 2006, p.69). By contrast, closed questions often require a ill-judged simple response in the form of Yes or No, Agree or Disagree, Important or Not important, etc. closed ended questions are easy to ask and quick to answer they also require no writing by either the respondent or interviewer and their analysis is quick and straightforward.The struct ure of the questionnaire will comprise of the first 7 closed ended questions asking the respondents simple questions comprising of their job role, how long they have worked in the construction industry, project location, project value and whether they have heard of BIM. the last 11 questions comprises of open ended question which require the respondent to justirfy their answer and state their opinion.3.4 Data CollectionWithin this research, to achieve the objectives a quantitative approach is being implemented by a structured questionnaire to obtain the information from various people within the construction industry who work or who have worked as a role of a quantity surveyor/ estimator. This research is structured in such a way that to start with a pilot test of the structured questionnaire is prepared so as to enable the practicability of the proposed questionnaire applicable to the study. The data collection process is applicable to the complete researchThe questionnaire was upl oaded to www.freeonlinesurveys.com once the questionnaire was produced the website then created a UR in which I copied into the telecommunicate, the email was sent out to two contacts In which I made acquaintance with from previous work experience. Along with the link to the online questionnaire a covering earn in which kindly forward this email to your work colleagues was added to the introduction this would provide a greater number of respondents. The cover letter also stated the purpose of the research and even giving an assurance to the companies that all the information they provide will be considered as confidential and is purely for only academic purpose.The questionaries where sent out via email on Tuesday 12th February 2013 to a construction consultancy Rider Levytt Bucknall Birmingham and construction contractor kier construction Birmingham. By using an electronic means (as e-mail) will ensure a speedy process in despatch of information rather than sending them by postal service thereby saving time. This method will aid within the analysis of the results as the research will be gained by both contractor and consultants and a deeper and more accurate conclusion will be gained at the end of the study. The nature of the data required will be based on personal opinion from a range of construction professionals working within a construction consultancy and a construction contractor.3.5 ResourcesThe main type of research that will be used for this study will be appliedResearch, the following resources will be consulted3.5.1 Text books non-homogeneous text books will be consulted as well as a series of electronic books. This will be one of the main sources of information3.5.2 Journal articlesJournals articles are usually more easily obtainable as they are more freely available in electronic form which is easily accessible via the internet. It will also serve as a main source as journals and articles holds the most recent information on the topic.3.5.3 Ele ctronic resourcesVarious electronic resources will be consulted, as information is easily accessible through the use of a variety of search engines.3.6 Data AnalysisThe data collected from these questionnaires will be critically analysed and summarised and all the data is interpreted in charts and logical style format. From these statistics a logical line of credit is drawn from the results obtained from critical comparison with the findings of the current literature. This is chiefly to have a better idea of what their thoughts and views in person. The objective is to function the data and present it in an academic format that is credible to professionals within the construction industry. In doing so it will emphasize key variables and whether the use of BIM will affect the future role of a quantity surveyor and how, and to also understanding the usage of BIM, establishing if any drawbacks, benefits are present which can then be formulated to become educational information. Final ly, from these statistics a logical argument is drawn from the results obtained from critical comparison with the findings of the current literature. From all these approaches we can draw a conclusion and possible recommendations shall be made from the research findings so as to validate on if the use of BIM will affect the future role of the Quantity surveyor.3.7 SummaryIn this chapter of Research Methodology, by discussing about the different type of research methods such as qualitative and quantitative, the quantitative type of approach with an closed structural questionnaire survey has been chosen for this dissertation as this type of approach would be the best suitable one with respect to both time and approach and mostly all these questionnaires has been sent through E-mail as to reduce the time span and to make out much more IT services effectively so that the respondent should be flexible to answer the questionnaire. The responses collected are being represented in a c